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Flashcards based on lecture notes about the stomach and digestion.
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Lower Esophageal Sphincter
The sphincter that guards the juncture between the esophagus and the stomach.
Fundus
Superior, domed region of the stomach.
Pylorus
Narrowed region of the stomach that communicates with the duodenum.
Pyloric Sphincter
Sphincter that guards the bottom portion of the stomach from the top of the small intestine.
Ruchi
Temporary folds in the mucosa of the nondistended stomach.
Gastric Pits
Infolds in the simple columnar epithelium lining the stomach.
Gastric Glands
Deeper regions of the gastric pits where secretion occurs.
Columnar Cells
Cells in the neck region of gastric pits that secrete mucus and bicarbonate ion.
Parietal Cells
Cells that secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor.
Intrinsic Factor
Chemical necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12.
Enterochromaffin-like Cells
Cells that secrete histamine, which stimulates parietal cells to secrete HCl.
Chief Cells
Cells that secrete pepsinogen (the precursor to pepsin) and gastric lipase in infants.
Pepsinogen
Precursor to pepsin. When it is secreted, it finds itself in an acidic environment becomes pepsin
G Cells
Enteroendocrine cells that secrete gastrin, a hormone that promotes acid secretion by parietal cells.
Churning
The mechanical digestion that occurs in the stomach
Chyme
The mixture of food boli and gastric juice that results from churning.
Pepsin
Enzyme that starts acting on peptide bonds and to start the digestion of proteins into smaller peptide fragments