Digestion in the Stomach

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Flashcards based on lecture notes about the stomach and digestion.

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17 Terms

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Lower Esophageal Sphincter

The sphincter that guards the juncture between the esophagus and the stomach.

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Fundus

Superior, domed region of the stomach.

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Pylorus

Narrowed region of the stomach that communicates with the duodenum.

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Pyloric Sphincter

Sphincter that guards the bottom portion of the stomach from the top of the small intestine.

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Ruchi

Temporary folds in the mucosa of the nondistended stomach.

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Gastric Pits

Infolds in the simple columnar epithelium lining the stomach.

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Gastric Glands

Deeper regions of the gastric pits where secretion occurs.

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Columnar Cells

Cells in the neck region of gastric pits that secrete mucus and bicarbonate ion.

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Parietal Cells

Cells that secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor.

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Intrinsic Factor

Chemical necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12.

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Enterochromaffin-like Cells

Cells that secrete histamine, which stimulates parietal cells to secrete HCl.

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Chief Cells

Cells that secrete pepsinogen (the precursor to pepsin) and gastric lipase in infants.

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Pepsinogen

Precursor to pepsin. When it is secreted, it finds itself in an acidic environment becomes pepsin

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G Cells

Enteroendocrine cells that secrete gastrin, a hormone that promotes acid secretion by parietal cells.

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Churning

The mechanical digestion that occurs in the stomach

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Chyme

The mixture of food boli and gastric juice that results from churning.

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Pepsin

Enzyme that starts acting on peptide bonds and to start the digestion of proteins into smaller peptide fragments