Unit 8 Quiz

NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization; 1948; US led military alliance of Western European nations

Warsaw Pact

1955; USSR led alliance of communist nations in response to NATO

Chiang Kai-Shek

Leader of nationalists, supported by western allies and business elite in China; refuses to admit civil war is over even when he has retreated to Taiwan and Mao takes power

Mao Zedong

Leader of communists in China; Supported by Stalin; wins chinese civil war; controls People's Republic of China; 100 flowers; Great Leap Forward; Cultural Revolution

Red Guards

Groups of fanatical students who aggressively attack those labeled as capitalist (teachers, parents); Given permission by Mao during the cultural revolution

Kim Il Sung

Pro-USSR leader in North Korea

Indian National Congress Party

1884; Organizes political voice of home-rule movement; Represents majority religion (hindu) not muslim; Don't want to separate completely from GB, but want a say

Muslim League

1906; Voice of Muslim minority against the Indian National Congress Party

Mohandas Gandhi

Became leader of National Congress in 1920; Studies law in London; Sees how rights of the Indian people are being violated in South Africa; Works to pull different social classes and religions together; non-violent protests; Great Salt March; opposed partition

Sikhs

Small/minority religious group inside of India

Ho Chi Minh

Vietnamese communist and revolutionary leader; declares independence of Vietnam after Japan leaves when ww2 is over; Freedom is priority over communism, but still is not helped by the US; defends north Vietnam in the Vietnam war

Vietminh

Guerilla forces fighting against the french to reclam Indochina during the First Indochina War

Viet Cong

Guerilla style attack during Vietnam war; difficult for US army to combat

Jawaharlal Nehru

First prime minister of India; Attempts to fused a "planned" economy with democracy; Similar beliefs of Gandhi; Supports democracy, but not capitalism

Indira Gandhi

Nehru's daughter, takes over after his death; uses forced sterilization of women to control population

Gamal Abdel Nasser

President of Egypt from 1952-1970; Promotes pan-arab unity; United Arab republic

Fidel Castro

Communist leader of the Cuban revolution; nationalizes cuban sugar plantations in Cuba; prime minister then president of Cuba

Che Guevara

Argentinian revolutionary and guerrilla leader who fought for independence in South America; Controversial legacy

Kwame Nkrumah

Leads nonviolent movement for independence from GB in Ghana

Afrikaners

Descendants of the Dutch living in South africa; gain political control when the British leave

African National Congress

Modeled after the Indian National Congress; Fight for representation of the African people

Nelson Mandela

Leads nonviolent resistance in South Africa; went to prison for for over 20 years; Elected president in 1994 and issues call for racial/national unity and forgiveness

F.W. De Klerk

President of South Africa before Mandela; released Mandela from prison in 1990; ends ban on ANC; removes significant apartheid laws

Mikhail Gorbachev

Liberal minded political leader becomes premier of USSR; Glasnost; Perestroika; Resigned when USSR dissolves

Deng Xiaoping

New leader in China after Mao dies; introduces reforms

Yalta Conference

Meeting with the heads of govt after the end of ww2; decide what to do with Germany and other invaded territories

Nuremberg Trials

Nazi officers tried before International Military Tribunal of judges from Allied powers; 12 sentenced to death by hanging; charged for crimes against humanity Important precedent in international law

East Germany vs West Germany

Allies choose to supervise Germany unlike after ww1; Germany divided up between US, GB, France, and USSR; US, GB, and France take control in west, USSR in east; Berlin in USSR territory but is also divided; difficult because of currency

Berlin Blockade

East Germans in the USSR territory move to west and Russian econ suffers; Stalin stops letting people leave; US and GB provide aid to East German people; Stalin blocks off Berlin with a military line of tanks and attempts to cut off access from the east and the divided capital

Berlin Airlift

US and allies transport food and materials over the Berlin blockade to citizens; Russia will not fire bc of law against waging aggressive warfare

Berlin Wall

Stalin builds a wall to separate west and east Berlin

Chinese Civil War

1945-49; Different groups struggle to gain control after Japanese are defeated; US supports Chiang Kai-Shek; USSR supports Mao Zedong; Communists win, nationalists retreat to Taiwan;

Taiwan

Previously territory belonging to China but gained independence; Disagreements based on whether they should really be independent

Hundred Flowers Campaign

1955; Mao roots out and eliminates his critics by putting them in jail or killing them; tricked people into outing themselves

Great Leap Forward

1958-61; Attempt to speed up economic growth by enforcing rapid industrial and agricultural change; sets bar higher than thought possible; Plan to grow everything in one large farm- fails when too many different things are new and growing together; 20-30 million die due to crop failure; largest famine in history

Sino-Soviet Split

1960s-70s; Relationship between China and USSR turns sour; China making communism look bad with Great Leap Forward failures- embarrassed Russia

The Cultural Revolution

1966; Mao tries to purge China of dissenters by urging exposure of "capitalist tendencies"; Red guards- Mao educates the youth to go all in on the future and forget older people who have western ideas

38th Parallel

1945; After Japanese defeat, US and USSR divide control of Korean peninsula here

Korean War

1950-53; North Korea invaded south and US helps push back into North, but fall back when China enters the war

Demilitarized Zone

Strip of land running through the Korean peninsula that was established through treaties after the war; border

Partition of India

1947; After GB agrees to leave, inability of Muslim and Hindu leaders to form new gov't leads to separation of Pakistan in North; People moving to the "right side" of the barrier- Intense violence in diverse border regions of Punjab and Kashmir; 1948- Gandhi killed by Hindu nationalists

Vietnam War

1954-64-US provides money and military aid to support South Vietnamese gov't against the North; 1964-75- As south gov't struggles to defend itself, US enters war to stop the growth of communism; 1975- after US leaves, North gains full control

Green Revolution

Rapid increase in agricultural output due to breakthroughs in fertilizers and pesticides; Borlaug; Indira Gandhi struggles with population growth

Creation of Israel

1945-47- After being displaced by the war, many Jews move towards "spiritual homeland"; Partition plan- UN creates state for Jewish people in palestine; After British leave palestine, Israel is officially created

Palestine

British mandate; Israel created out of here

Jerusalem

Becomes an international city after Israel is created ; Heavy religious significance

Six Day War

1967-Anticipating an attack, Israel launches surprise attacks on Egypt, Syria and Jordan to occupy more territory

Guatemala (1954)

1954; CIA removes prime minister who wanted to nationalize US owned farms

Cuban Revolution

1959; Fidel Castro takes control of sugar plantations in Cuba; US places embargo on trade; 1961-Bay of Pigs invasion; 1962- Cuban missile crisis

Bay of Pigs Invasion

1961; Failed military invasion of Cuba by the CIA; Castro finds out about CIA coming from US like they had done in the past in other nations

Cuban Missile Crisis

1962; 13 day confrontation between the US and Cuba (Russia); Missiles sent to Cuban border from Russia pointed at US and US points nukes back at Cuba from Florida; MAD stops fire

Ghana

1957; Kwame Nkrumah leads non-violent movement for independence from GB

Algeria

1954-62; France fights violent war against guerilla fighters, leading to collapse of govt

Tiananmen Square

1989; Crowd of young protesters calling for free elections is forced out of Beijing by tanks

UN General Assembly

Member nations address international concerns; 193 members; like legislative branch

UN Security Council

Addresses international security concerns; 5 permanent members- US, GB, China, France, USSR, each has veto power

Marshall Plan

1948-52; US gives 13 billion in aid to rebuild Europe; Money spent on businesses; US taxes high during ww2, stay high to help Europe during this; When Europe takes Money, they have to spend it on American companies bc Europe is broken down- benefits US

Satellite Nations

"independent" nations controlled by USSR; cannot be involved in Marshall Plan or other western agreements

Iron Curtain

Phrase used by Winston churchill to describe division between communists and non-communists in Europe; west and eat divided

Non-Violent Civil Disobedience

Peaceful protest; used by Gandhi in India

Domino Theory

One by one countries will fall to communism; idea worries US and they feel threatened

Apartheid

Policy of segregation or discrimination on the grounds of race in South Africa; Created by the Afrikaners

One-Child Policy

Introduced in China to manage population growth; extra taxes charged for more than one child