Philippine History, Culture, and Social Consciousness Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards reviewing historical consciousness, geography and culture (Ilaya and Ilawod), social intersections, and traditional cultural dimensions of life.

Historical Consciousness (Kamalayang Pangkasaysayan)

An active thinking process connecting past events to present conditions and future guidance through critical analysis, evidence, and historical significance.

Historical Significance

The characteristic of historical consciousness involved in identifying why specific people, places, or events are important based on their impact over time.

Primary Sources

Original historical records or artifacts, such as letters, diaries, speeches, photographs, and official documents used to understand historical events directly.

Continuity and Change

The historical concept of recognizing which cultural practices, societal structures, or traditions persist over time and which undergo modification.

Historical Perspective

The ability to analyze past human actions, beliefs, and motivations within their specific historical context rather than judging them by modern standards.

Bodong

An indigenous institutional peace-pact system in the Cordillera utilized for resolving disputes, maintaining inter-tribal peace, and protecting natural resources.

Kamalayang Bayan

A deep collective understanding of national history and shared experiences that serves as the foundation for national unity and genuine freedom, as defined by Renato Constantino.

Kamalayang Kultural

The appreciation and active creation of culture and heritage from the Filipino perspective, highlighted by historian Zeus Salazar.

Colonial Mentality

An uncritical admiration or preference for foreign products, values, and culture over native heritage and indigenous knowledge systems.

History from Below

A historical methodology emphasized by scholars like Reynaldo Ileto that examines history through the perspectives and experiences of ordinary people.

Geography

The study of the physical characteristics of the Earth, including landforms, water bodies, climate, natural resources, and spatial location.

Culture

The complete way of life of a society, including its language, religion, art, beliefs, laws, and customs formed through environmental adaptation.

Ilaya

Highland or mountainous geographic regions characterized by traditional inland livelihoods, forest resource gathering, and agricultural adaptation.

Ilawod

Lowland or coastal regions situated near bodies of water that are easily accessible and actively engaged in maritime trade and external commerce.

Binukot

Well-regarded epic-chanters in Panay who lived in seclusion to preserve sacred oral traditions, epics, and cultural heritage.

Lepa-lepa

The traditional houseboat used by the Badjao people of the Sulu Archipelago, serving as both home and vessel for maritime life.

Okir

The distinct artistic geometric and floral carving design traditional to the Moro ethnic groups of Mindanao.

Barter System

The direct trade and exchange of goods and resources between communities without using monetary currency, such as between Ilaya and Ilawod.

Barangay

A pre-colonial socio-political unit in the Philippines consisting of 30 to 100 families governed by a Datu.

Sultanate of Sulu

A centralized Islamic state that developed in the Sulu Archipelago as a major regional maritime trading center.

Self (Sarili)

An individual person possessing distinct internal feelings, personal experiences, beliefs, choices, and personal identity.

Society (Lipunan)

An organized collective of human groups sharing social structures, formal rules, history, institutions, and cultural frameworks.

Intersection of Self and Society

The point where an individual's personal identity, choices, and actions directly connect with and are shaped by broader community and social contexts.

Ginhawa

A holistic Filipino concept of life force and well-being encompassing the balance of physical health, inner peace, spiritual harmony, and communal connection.

Anting-Anting

A sacred object, amulet, or talisman believed to bestow power and protect an individual from physical harm, sickness, or evil forces.

Mutya

A rare natural stone or charm in traditional belief believed to possess special protective qualities or bring good fortune.

Orasyon

Sacred written or spoken prayers and formulas used in amulets or rituals to invoke spiritual protection and healing.

Hiyas

A precious object, gem, trade bead, or heirloom holding significant spiritual, cultural, or social status and heritage within a community.

Agimat

A traditional medallion, stone, or sacred item carried or worn to grant physical strength, luck, or protection against danger.

Albularyo

A traditional Filipino folk healer who combines natural remedies, spiritual prayers, and sacred items like anting-anting to heal ailments.