Study Guide anatomy biomechanics Part 1

Compressive strength

Resistance against squeezing force

Tensile strength

Resistance against pulling force

Cerebral cortex

Voluntary movement as aggregate action

Cerebellum

Controls timing and intensity of muscle activity

Brain stem

Functions in arousal and maintaining wakeful state

Spinal cord

Integrates spinal reflexes

Basal ganglia

Sensory integration for balance and rhythmic activity

Sagittal

Divides body into left and right

Flexion/extension

Frontal

Divides body into front and back

Adduction/abduction

Transverse/horizontal

Divides body into top and bottom

Protraction/retraction

Superficial

Used to describe position relative to others

Medial

Nearer to median plane

Posterior

Back surface

Inferior

Nearer to sole of foot

Caudal

Toward tail region

Proximal

Nearer to central aspect of linear structure

Unilateral

Occurring on one side

Contralateral

Occurring on opposite sides

Ipsilateral

Occurring on same side

Rostral

Nearer to the anterior part of head

Bone is strongest against compression force and weakest against shear force

TRUE

During the aging process, the loss of collagen results in bone becoming more brittle.

TRUE

The motor unit refers to a motor neuron and all the muscle fibers innervated by that nerve.

TRUE

Slow twitch fibers have a lower threshold and are more easily stimulated than fast twitch fibers

TRUE

All fibers within a motor unit are the same type of muscle fiber.

TRUE

Spinal nerves are named for the location that they exit the vertebral column.

TRUE

Crush fractures of the trabecular bone of the vertebra are responsible for the dowager’s hump frequently experienced by women suffering from osteoperosis.

TRUE

Appositional growth is accomplished when the inner layer of periosteum (osteoblasts) builds new concentric layers of bone.

TRUE

Force of muscle contraction can be increased by performing eccentric contraction followed by concentric contraction.

TRUE

Dermatomes are defined areas of the skin supplied by specific spinal nerves.

TRUE

The Golgi Tendon Organ protects us from an excessive muscular contraction by causing that muscle to relax.

TRUE

The number of motor units contracting within a muscle is one of the factors that will determine the strength of the contraction.

TRUE

Research suggests that activities involving impact force is necessary to increase bone mass.

TRUE

The brachial plexus supplies motor function to the muscles of the lower limb.

FALSE

Muscles that have parallel fibers can generate more force than fibers in a pennate arrangement.

FALSE