Soul, mind and body

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17 Terms

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Idealism

The group of metaphysical philosophies that assert that reality is mental/ immaterial

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The platonic forms

Ideal forms according to Plato

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Philosophical materialism

Nothing exists except matter

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Philosophical naturalism

The belief that all phenomena are natural in cause

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Hard materialism

The view that all there is is the material world, including thoughts

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“ Ghost in the machine “

A pejorative snipe at substance dualists; this maintained that the soul was somehow inhibiting the body and directing it

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Soft materialism

The view that all there is is matter: there can be a part of the body that gives purpose/ thought but this dies with the body

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Emergent materialism

The belief that new property emerged from matter as matter became more complex

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Reductive materialism

Known as identity theory: the view that mental events are identical with physical occurrences in the brain

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Substance dualism

The belief that the mind and body exist as two separate and distinct realities

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Property dualism

There is one substance - matter with two properties, one physical and the mental

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Dualism

The belief that reality can be divided into two distinct parts: physical and non physical

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Rationalism

Reason is the chief test and source of knowledge

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Empiricism

All knowledge is determined through observation and experience

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Soul

The non physical presence of a person

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Dawkins idea of soul I and soul 2

Soul I is a traditional religious view whilst 2 is what animates you and makes you distinct in your behaviour, however dies along with the body

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Visual binding problem

There is no explanation as to now the brain subjectively experiences shape and colour together