Soul, mind and body

Idealism

Idealism

The group of metaphysical philosophies that assert that reality is mental/ immaterial

The platonic forms

Ideal forms according to Plato

Philosophical materialism

Nothing exists except matter

Philosophical naturalism

The belief that all phenomena are natural in cause

Hard materialism

The view that all there is is the material world, including thoughts

“ Ghost in the machine “

A pejorative snipe at substance dualists; this maintained that the soul was somehow inhibiting the body and directing it

Soft materialism

The view that all there is is matter: there can be a part of the body that gives purpose/ thought but this dies with the body

Emergent materialism

The belief that new property emerged from matter as matter became more complex

Reductive materialism

Known as identity theory: the view that mental events are identical with physical occurrences in the brain

Substance dualism

The belief that the mind and body exist as two separate and distinct realities

Property dualism

There is one substance - matter with two properties, one physical and the mental

Dualism

The belief that reality can be divided into two distinct parts: physical and non physical

Rationalism

Reason is the chief test and source of knowledge

Empiricism

All knowledge is determined through observation and experience

Soul

The non physical presence of a person

Dawkins idea of soul I and soul 2

Soul I is a traditional religious view whilst 2 is what animates you and makes you distinct in your behaviour, however dies along with the body

Visual binding problem

There is no explanation as to now the brain subjectively experiences shape and colour together