Industrial Revolution

What were working conditions like for children during the Industrial Revolution?

They were long, exhausting, unsafe and poorly paid.

How long did child workers sometimes work?

Children could work up to 16 hours a day.

How many days a week did factory workers often work?

Usually 6 days a week.

Why were factories dangerous for children?

Machines often had no safety guards, so children could be seriously injured or killed.

What kinds of injuries could factory workers suffer?

They could lose fingers, break bones, be crushed or be killed by moving machinery.

What was a scavenger in a factory?

A child who crawled under machinery to clean or collect waste.

Why was scavenging dangerous?

Children could be caught in moving machinery and seriously injured or killed.

How young were some child workers?

Some children worked from around 6 years old.

Why did factory owners like hiring children?

Children could be paid much less than adult workers.

What were factories physically like?

They were often hot, loud, dirty and full of dangerous machinery.

How were workers treated by factory bosses?

Workers were often poorly paid, worked long hours and had very few rights.

What happened if a worker was injured and could no longer work?

They could be fired and received no compensation.

Did workers have strong legal protection?

No. Early factory workers had very few protections.

Did workers have unions at first?

No. Workers had very little power to organise against factory owners.

Why were women and children often employed?

Factory owners could pay them less money than adult men.

What does an image of children near machinery show?

It can show child labour, dangerous conditions, long hours and the risk of injury.

What does an image of a factory owner supervising workers suggest?

It can show the power bosses had over workers and the lack of workers' rights.

What was the Myall Creek Massacre?

The killing of 28 Indigenous Wirrayaraay people by a group of armed men in 1838.

When did the Myall Creek Massacre happen?

10 June 1838.

Where did the Myall Creek Massacre happen?

In New South Wales, near Myall Creek.

Who were the victims of the Myall Creek Massacre?

Wirrayaraay people, including women, children and older people.

How many Indigenous people were killed at Myall Creek?

28 people.

How many attackers were involved?

A group of 12 armed men on horseback.

What did the attackers do before killing the victims?

They tied the victims together with a long rope and marched them away.

What happened after the killings?

The attackers tried to burn the bodies to hide what they had done.

Did anyone escape the massacre?

Yes. Two young boys escaped by hiding in a creek.

Who reported the Myall Creek Massacre?

The station manager, William Hobbs.

Who investigated the Myall Creek Massacre?

Police leader Edward Denny Day.

What happened to the attackers after the investigation?

After two trials, seven men were found guilty of murder and executed.

Why was the Myall Creek Massacre important?

It was a rare case where white settlers were punished by law for killing Indigenous people.

What weapons were used in the Myall Creek Massacre?

My provided notes only say that the attackers were armed; they do not list the exact weapons.

What object was definitely used to restrain the victims?

A long rope was used to tie 28 people together.

What does an image of armed settlers on horseback relate to?

It could relate to the Myall Creek Massacre and violence against Indigenous Australians.

What does an image of Indigenous people being tied together suggest?

It can relate to the victims of the Myall Creek Massacre being tied with a rope before being marched away.

What is a good way to analyse an image in the test?

Identify what you see, give a fact you know, then explain how it relates to the topic.

What should you do if an image shows child labour?

Mention long hours, unsafe machinery, low pay and the risk of injury.

What should you do if an image shows a factory boss and workers?

Mention poor treatment, long hours, low wages and very few worker rights.

What should you do if an image shows the Myall Creek Massacre?

Mention that 28 Wirrayaraay people were killed in 1838 by 12 armed men.

What weapons were used during the Myall Creek Massacre

firearms (including muskets, pistols, and fowling pieces) as well as bladed close-combat weapons (including swords and cutlasses)