Extra Credit Review HW Chapters 1-5 Questions

Which two staining techniques employ a mordant?

1. Gram stain and acid-fast stain

2. Gram stain and capsule stain

3. Simple stain and acid-fast stain

4. Capsule stain and flagella stain

5. Gram stain and flagella stain

5

Which of the following uses glucose for carbon and energy?

1. chemoautotroph

2. chemoheterotroph

3. photoautotroph

4. photoheterotroph

2

Which of the following statements about gram-negative cell walls is FALSE?

1. They are sensitive to penicillin.

2. They are toxic to humans.

3. They have an extra outer layer composed of lipoproteins, lipopolysaccharides, and phospholipids.

4. They protect the cell in a hypotonic environment.

5. Their Gram reaction is due to the outer membrane.

1

In non-cyclic photophosphorylation, excited electrons ultimately ________.

1. combine with hydrogen ions and NADP+ to produce NADPH

2. flow through ATP synthase

3. generate light within the spectrum of green wavelengths

4. are used to form water

5. return to chlorophyll

1

The functions of the glycocalyx in bacteria include all of the following except:

1. Biofilm formation

2. Binary fission

3. Increased virulence

4. Protection against dehydration

5. Source of nutrition

2

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

1. safranin – acid dye

2. carbolfuchsin – basic dye

3. alcohol-acetone - decolorizer

4. iodine – mordant

5. crystal violet – basic dye

1

In the figure, where is ATP produced?

1. a

2. b

3. c

4. d

5. e

5

Which of the following structures is not a functionally analogous pair?

1. Chloroplasts — thylakoids

2. 9+2 flagella — bacterial flagella

3. Cilia — pili

4. Mitochondria — prokaryotic plasma membrane

5. Nucleus — nucleoid region

3

Which drawing in the figure is streptococci?

1. a

2. b

3. c

4. d

5. e

4

Cyanobacteria are a type of

1. chemoautotroph.

2. chemoheterotroph.

3. photoautotroph.

4. photoheterotroph.

3

Which of the following statements is incorrect about prokaryotic cells?

1. They typically have a circular chromosome.

2. They reproduce by binary fission.

3. They lack membrane-enclosed organelles.

4. They lack a plasma membrane.

5. Their DNA is not enclosed within a membrane.

4

Which of the graphs in the figure best illustrates the activity of an enzyme that is saturated with substrate?

1. a

2. b

3. c

4. d

5. e

3

Which of the following statements regarding metabolism is not possible?

1. Anabolic reactions are degradative.

2. Heat may be released in both anabolic and catabolic reactions.

3. ATP is formed in catabolic reactions.

4. ADP is formed in anabolic reactions.

1

Microorganisms that catabolize sugars into ethanol and CO2 gas would most likely be categorized as ________.

1. anaerobic respirers

2. alcohol fermenters

3. aerobic respirers

4. heterolactic fermenters

5. homolactic fermenters

2

A ________ can be used to view the internal structures of cells in its native state?

1. fluorescence microscope

2. phase-contrast microscope

3. electron microscope

4. compound light microscope

5. scanning acoustic microscope

2

________ allows a cell transport of substances from a lower to a higher concentration area.

1. Simple diffusion

2. Active transport

3. Facilitated diffusion

4. Extracellular enzymes

5. Aquaporins

2

Which of the following is NOT found or observed to occur in both mitochondria and prokaryotes?

1. cell wall

2. ATP-generating mechanism

3. 70S ribosomes

4. binary fission

5. circular chromosome

1

Which microscope takes advantage of differences in the refractive indexes of cell structures?

1. darkfield microscope

2. phase-contrast microscope

3. electron microscope

4. fluorescence microscope

5. compound light microscope

2

A virus measures 100 nm in length. What is its length in μm?

1. 1 μm

2. 10 μm

3. 0.1 μm

4. 0.01 μm

5. 0.001 μm

3

An enzyme, citrate synthase, in the Krebs cycle is inhibited by ATP. This is an example of all the following except:

1. Feedback inhibition

2. Allosteric inhibition

3. Noncompetitive inhibition

4. Competitive inhibition

4

Which compound is being reduced in the reaction shown in the figure?

1. NADH

2. isocitric acid and α-ketoglutaric acid

3. α-ketoglutaric acid and NAD+

4. NADH and isocitric acid

5. NAD+

5

Which statements correspond to amphibolic pathways?

1. Anabolic and catabolic reactions are joined through common intermediate.

2. They are shared metabolic pathways.

3. Feedback inhibition can help regulate rates of reactions.

4. Both types of reactions are necessary but do not occur simultaneously.

1. 2, 3, 4

2. 2, 4

3. 1, 2, 3, 4

4. 1, 2, 3

5. 1 only

4

Which of the following statements about anaerobic cellular respiration is not true?

1. It yields lower amounts of ATP when compared to aerobic respiration.

2. The complete Krebs cycle is utilized.

3. It generates ATP.

4. It involves the reduction of an organic final electron acceptor.

5. It requires cytochromes.

4

Which of the following is the best definition of oxidative phosphorylation?

1. ATP is directly transferred from a substrate to ADP.

2. Electrons are passed through a series of carriers to O2.

3. A proton gradient allows hydrogen ions to flow back into the cells through transmembrane protein channels, releasing energy that is used to generate ATP.

4. Electrons are passed through a series of carriers to an organic compound.

3