NUR 212 Exam 1

What are the 8 social determinants of Health

1. Physical

2. Emotional

3. Social

4. Spiritual

5. Environmental

6. Intellectual

7. Financial

8. Occupational

Define Subjective Data

What the patient says (Symptoms and History)

Define Objective Data

What you observe (Signs and Measurable Data)

What does "OLD CART" stand for

1. Onset

2. Location

3. Duration

4. Characteristic Symptoms

5. Associated Manifestations

6. Relieving factors

7. Treatment

Define Complete Patient History

1. Know about the patients Past

2. Know about the patients Family

3. Know about the patients Biography

4. Know about the patients Genetics

What does "ADPIE" stand for

1. Assessment

2. Diagnosis

3. Planning

4. Implementation

5. Evaluation

What is one important thing to know when dealing with patients culture?

Everyone comes from a different background and you must be mindful to that.

When discharging a patient, what is one method a nurse can use to demonstrate clear communication?

Teach Back Method

When dealing with a language barrier, but the Nurse speaks the same language. What is the proper procedure?

Even if the nurse speaks the same language they must call an interpreter and have the interpreter speak to the patient

What are the Characteristics of Culture

1. Learned

2. Shared

3. Adapted

4. Dynamic

What is the biggest thing a Nurse can do to show the "RESPECT MODEL"

Showing Nursing Presence: sitting with the patient so they can share their feelings

When learning about a patient's culture, it is important to avoid using

Stereotyping

Define Religion

a formal system of beliefs or a book of worship

Define Spirituality

all behaviors that give meaning to life and provide strength to the individual

Name all of the Unique Health Care Issues

1. traumatic brain injury

2 polytrauma

3. hazardous exposures

4. chronic pain

5. posttraumatic stress disorder

6. military sexual trauma

7. substance use disorders

8. suicide

9. homelessness.

Relate the use of military benefits to Veterans

Some Veterans may not like to use benefits

Define Traumatic Brain Injury

a traumatically induced structural injury and/or physiological disruption of brain function as a result of an external force

Define Mild TBI

considered equivalent to a concussion and is the most frequent type of TBI among military personnel.

Relate Chronic pain to Veterans

50% of veterans deal with chronic pain but never talk about it

Define PTSD

exposure to a traumatic event that involved actual or threatened death or serious injury and having a response that involves intense fear, helplessness, or horror.

Define Homelessness and Veterans

12% to 33% of all homeless adults are veterans

Name the organs in the Right Upper Quadrant

1. Liver

2. Gallbladder

Name the organs in the Right Lower Quadrant

1. Cecum

2. Appendix

Name the organs in the Left Upper Quadrant

1. Stomach

2. Spleen

Name the organs in the Left Lower Quadrant

1. Part of Descending Colon

2. Sigmoid Colon

When doing an inspection of the Abdomen what exactly are you inspecting

1. Contour

2. Symmetry

3. Umbilicus (inverted or everted)

4. Skin homogenous

Explain the inspection contour

1. Flat

2. Scaphoid

3. Rounded

4. Protuberant

1. Flat

2. Scaphoid: Sunken Anterior Wall (maybe patient is anorexic or did not eat)

3. Rounded: slightly distended

4. Protuberant: Distended (maybe patient is pregnant)

What are 3 words you are going to know forever when listening for bowel sounds

1. High Pitched

2. Gurgling

3. Irregular

You can not hear a patient's bowel sounds what is the next step?

Listen for 5 minutes in one quadrant

Define Tympany

hallow, air

Define Dullness

dense, solid, no air

(full bladder, full colon)

What can be done if a patient is ticklish

have the patient's hand under yours and have them guide you so that you are using your fingertips to palpate.

What quadrant is normal for tenderness

Lower Left Quadrant

Describe the Spleen in the assessment of the Abdomen

1. You cannot palpate the Spleen

2. If the spleen is enlarged it is a very bad sign

Define Ascites

fluid accumulation, shiny tight abdomen, moves with patient

1. Define Cholecystitis

2. Who is likely to get it

1. inflammation of the gallbladder, right upper quadrant pain

2. Females, Over 40, High BMI

Define Basal Cell Carcinoma

1. Most common form of skin cancer, slow growing

2. 90% presentation on sun-exposed skin

3. Can become painful

4. Rarely fatal or metastasize

5. Starts as Translucent nodule, red or pink

Define Squamous Cell Carcinoma

1. Less common than basal cell but grows rapidly.

2. Predominantly in sun-damaged skin

3. Can be painful, ulcerate, crusty, inflamed, and bleed

4. Can metastasize

5. Usually on hands or head

Define Malignant Melanoma

1. Potentially lethal

2. May arise from pre-existing nevus

3. Brown, black, tan, pink-red, purple, or mixed color

4. Irregular borders (often)

Where is Malignant Melanoma usually found on Women

common in trunk and back of legs

Where is Malignant Melanoma found on Men

palms, soles of feet , and nails in Black skin color.

Name the A,B,C's of skin inspection

A - asymmetry

B - border

C - color

D - diameter

E - Evolution

F- Funny looking

G-growing progressively

Describe the relationship between skin and temperature

Skin can regulate temperature

Define Melanin

pigment found in most organisms that gives color to the skin, hair, and eyes.

1. Define Jaundice

2. Where are the first 2 places you can inspect bilirubin

1. yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membrane, and the whites of eyes caused by increased amounts of bilirubin in the blood

2. Mouth (1) Eyes (2)

Define cyanosis

a bluish discoloration of the skin resulting from poor circulation or inadequate oxygenation of the blood.

When pressure ulcers are observed how should the nurse provide care

1. Turn patient every 2 hours

2. Keep area dry

3. Make sure the patient is getting enough nutrients

Pitting Edema

Know the scale

What causes Target Bulls Eye

Lymes Disease

Explain the action of Circular (Annular)

Spreads like Ringworm

Define Clubbing Fingernails

caused by chronic low O2 levels in the blood

Define Pressure Injuries

Localized area of skin damage caused by prolonged pressure on the skin

Explain the Braden Scale

The lower the score the higher risk of pressure injury

Explain the Stages of a Pressure Injury

Stage 1: intact skin, no blanching, warm/normal temp, red

Stage 2: partial thickness, lose first layer of skin, open blister

Stage 3: getting into subcutaneous tissue

Stage 4: exposed tissue, exposed bone, exposed tendons

What is the definition of Cultural Humility

a process that requires indivduals to engage in self-reflection, addressing one's own biases, and being open to learning.

What are the 9 landmarks when assessing the abdomen

What is Carotene

Carotene is a yellow-orange pigment found in foods such as carrots, pumpkins, sweet potatoes, and more. The body turns this into vitamin A. If someone eats a lot of these carotene enriched foods, their skin could look a bit yellow-orange (carotenemia).