Biology - Cells and Enzymes

Flashcards about cells and enzymes.

What are all living things made of?

Cells

What is the smallest living part of all life?

Cells

What type of organisms are made up of one cell?

Bacteria

Name 3 types of organisms made up of many cells.

Plants, animals, and fungi

What are subcellular structures?

Smaller structures within cells that carry out specific functions necessary for life

What is the function of the nucleus?

Controls activities of the cell

What is the function of the cell wall?

A rigid outer layer of the cell protects the cell

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Controls what goes in and out of the cell

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Photosynthesis

What is the function of mitochondria?

Where the chemical reactions for aerobic respiration happen

What is the function of the vacuole?

Stores cell sap

Where do most chemical reactions take place in a cell?

Cytoplasm

What is the function of the ribosome?

Creates proteins

What is an example of a prokaryotic cell?

Bacteria

What are examples of eukaryotic cells?

Plant and animal cells

What is the effect of temperature on enzymes?

Enzymes are sensitive to temperature changes; increasing temperature increases enzyme activity until an optimum temperature is reached, after which activity rapidly decreases.

What is the effect of pH on enzymes?

Changes in pH can alter the enzyme's shape and charge, affecting its ability to bind to its substrate.

What is the effect of substrate concentration on enzyme-catalyzed reactions?

The rate of reaction increases with increasing substrate concentration until it reaches a saturation point.

What is the effect of enzyme concentration on enzyme-catalyzed reactions?

The rate of reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of the enzyme.

What are enzymes?

Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms

What does it mean for enzymes to be highly specific?

They only catalyze one particular reaction.

What are enzymes essential for?

Digestion, respiration, and photosynthesis

How is the rate of the reaction affected if you increase the temperature of the reactants?

It will take place faster.

Where does maximum collision take place in the enzyme catalyzed reaction?

Optimum Temperature

Regarding enzyme activity, why does an enzyme rate rapidly decrease past the optimum temperature?

It has gotten too hot, and drops as it has gone past the optimum temperature, and their bonds break, and the enzymes no longer fit.