Biology Topic 14: Animal Diversity

Animals are in ___________ and ________________.

Domain Eukarya & Kingdom Animalia

What is an animal?

Multicellular heterotrophic eukaryotes that obtain energy by indigestion

Taxonomic level below kingdom =

Phylum

Plural of phylum=

Phyla

Sponge Phylum (Porifera)

• simplest and oldest animal

• Originated half a billion years ago

• Lack true tissue

• No nerves, muscles or organs

• Mostly marine, a few in fresh water

Phylum Cnidaria

• radial animals - the same on all sides like a wheel

• Jellies (jellyfish), sea anemones, hydras, coral animals

• Have tissues, some nerve cells, NO BRAIN!!!

Phylum Platyhelminthes (Flatworms)

• One-opening digestive cavity, mouth=anus

• Simple brain, nerves throughout body

Examples:

• Planaria (free living)

• Fluke (parasitic) - parasites in blood, liver

• Tapeworms (parasitic) - found in digestive tract of vertebrates

Phylum Nematoda (roundworms)

• Less than 1mm to over a meter in length

• Common in soil, compost, and bottom of lakes and ocean

• Important decomposes (even though not all of them are decomposers)

• Some are parasitic on plants and animals

• Some are parasitic

Phylum Arthropoda (arthropods)

• Have an exoskeleton (skeleton on outside)

• Tough, hard, non-living

• Lose exoskeleton and make larger one to grow

• Jointed legs

Examples of Phylum Arthropoda:

• spiders and ticks

• Crustaceans (crabs, lobsters)

• Insects

Insects are arthropods with _______________

6 legs

Insects are the only….

Flying invertebrates

___% of all species are insects

80%

Insects live in…

Freshwater, land, rare in the ocean

Larvae (young) undergo…

Metamorphosis

Phylum Mollusca (mollusks)

• Diverse bodies- one common feature is the foot

• Most have a hard shell

• Complex organs and organ systems

Examples of phylum mollusca:

• snails and slugs, clams and oysters, octopuses and squid

Phylum Annelida (Segmented worms)

• includes earthworms, tube worms, leeches

• Repeated body parts(segments)

• Can be seen as lines of the body

• Organ systems and simple brain

• TAPEWORMS ARE NOT IN THIS GROUP

Phylum Echinodermata (echinoderms)

• all live in the ocean

• Organs and organ systems

• Sea stars, sea cucumbers, sea urchins

Phylum Chordata (Chrodates)

• includes all vertebrates plus a few weird invertebrates

• Vertebrates=backbone

• Vertebrates include fish, amphibians, reptiles and birds, and mammals

Fishes

• jaws allow prey to be captured and eaten

• Two main groups of fishes are: cartilage fish, bony fish