Science vocab for midterm (Poole)

Glucose

high energy bonds that can be broken down, 6 carbon ring

Light energy

used to manufacture carbohydrates, ultimate source of energy for food

Glycolysis

requires input of 2 ATP to release 4 ATP, anaerobic

Lactic Acid Fermentation

due to a lack of oxygen getting to cells by athlete.

Autotrophs

organisms that can independently make their own food

Glycolysis

the process of breaking down glucose, net gain of 2 ATP

heterotroph

organism that must metabolize food

Dehydration synthesis

when adding monomers of glucose to form a polymer which requires the removal of water

Hydrolysis

to digest a polysaccharide the body must add water back to release energy

Lipids

glycerol + 3 fatty acids

Proteins

amino acids

Carbohydrates

contains the element Carbon which combines readily with other carbon atoms, polysaccharide, Monosaccharides, and disacchrides

Saturated fats

made from animals, solid at room temperature

Unsaturated fats

made from plants, liquid at room temperature

Test Lipids

brown paper bag, must appear wet, sudan IV

Test Proteins

Biurets, aqua blue, turns lavender, must turn lavender when held up to piece of paper

Test starches

potassium iodine, amber, dark purple-blue, bottle needs to be brown,

Test Monosaccharides

benedict’s, Sky blue, turn orange in hot water bath

Test disacchrides

no test

Cell Theory

all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of life and function in all living things, cells only come from preexisting cells

Lysosome

clean-up crew of cells, breaks down, digest, and recycle worn out parts of the cell

Mitochondria

powerhouse of the cell

vacuoles

storage chamber in cell, can store food, waste, water, or nothing, animal cells have many small ones, while plant cells have one large one

cell membrane

made up of lipids, lets certain things into cells

Osmosis

movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Cell transport

moving things in or out of the cell

Active transport

requires energy, against concentration gradient– uses carrier proteins and ATP

Diffusion

a process by which molecules move from high concentration to low concentration

facilitated diffusion

needs a protein channel

Hypotonic

low amount of solute compared to solvent

Hypertonic

high amount of solute compared to solvent

Plasmolysis

loss of turgor pressure, wilting

Turgor Pressure

when a plant cell has absorbed all of the water that it can, and so it becomes stiff

Neutrons

atomic mass minus proton

Protons

postively charged

Electrons

negativley charged

Polar bonds

have positive and negative charges at each end that keep the molecules together

Adhesion

when water sticks to other objects

Cohesion

when water stick to each other

Metric unit of length

meter

enzymes

organic catalysts, lower the activation energy needed for a reaction to occur

Amylase

first digestive enzyme, found in saliva

Acids

pH of 1-6

Base

pH of 8-14

neutral

pH of 7, water

Parfocal

automatic focus, even when changing

Control group

the variable does not change, what the experimetntal group is being compared to

Experimental group

the variable changes in an experiment

Cell cycle

interphase (majority of time), PMAT

Stages of Mitosis

PMAT (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase)

Thylakoid

one ‘coin’, where light reaction takes place

Grana

stack of thylakoid

stroma

spaces in the chloroplast, where dark reaction takes place

matrix

where the cristae is on the mitochondria