BIOL 319 Lab 2

spongy and compact bone

What are the two types of bone found in the body?

long

Bones that are longer than they are wide and usually consist of a shaft with heads at either end are ______ bones.

short

Cube-shaped bones that contain mostly spongy bone are called ________ bones.

flat

Bones that are generally thin with two wafer-like layers of compact bone between a layer of spongy bone between them are called _____ bones.

irregular

Any bones that do not fit the descriptions of long, short, or flat bones are called ______ bones.

C. humerus

An example of a long bone is

A. vertebra

B. sternum

C. humerus

D. carpals

B. sternum

An example of a flat bone is

A. vertebra

B. sternum

C. humerus

D. carpals

A. vertebra

An example of an irregular bone is

A. vertebra

B. sternum

C. humerus

D. carpals

D. carpals

An example of a short bone is

A. vertebra

B. sternum

C. humerus

D. carpals

axial; appendicular

The skeletal system can be divided into the ______ and _______ skeletons.

Frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, mandible, temporal, parietal, maxilla, and occipital

What are the 8 major bones in the cranium?

suture

An interlocking line of union between bones is called a...

1. able to move easily through the vaginal canal during childbirth

2. as brain grows the cranium must be able to expand to accomodate for growth

What are the 2 reasons why the fetal cranium must remain flexible?

hyoid bone

What is the only bone that does not articulate with another bone?

12

How many nerves are found in the cranium?

Oh Oh Oh To Touch And Feel Very Good Velevt AH

I. Olfactory nerve

II. Optic nerve

III. Oculomotor nerve

IV. Trochlear nerve

V. Trigeminal nerve

VI. Abducens

VII. Facial nerve

VIII. Vestibulocochlear nerve

IX. Glossopharyngeal nerve

X. Vagus nerve

XI. Spinal accessory nerve

XII. Hypoglossal nerve

What is the name and number of the cranial nerves?

periosteum

Bones are encapsulated in

Outer fibrous layer is where muscle tendons and bone ligaments attach

Inner cellular layer produces osteoblasts for bone growth and repair

What do each of the layers of periosteum do?

diaphysis

The shaft of a long bone

proximal epiphysis

The superior end of a long bone

distal epiphysis

The inferior end of a long bone

hyaline (articular)

When an epiphysis of one bone articulates with another bone, a layer of ______ cartilage covers the epiphysis.

medullary cavity

The hollow space in the diaphysis

spongy

The medullary cavity is lined with (spongy/compact) bone.

endosteum

What membrane lines the medullary cavity?

metaphysis (epiphyseal cartilage in juveniles)

What is the space between the diaphysis and epiphysis?

cartilage; line

The epiphyseal ______ ossifies into the epiphyseal _______ as you age.

True

Flat bones do not have medullary cavities. T or F?

external and internal tables

What are the compact bone layers in flat bones called?

diploe

What is the spongy bone in flat bones called?

projections (processes that grow out and form sites for muscle attachment or joint formation)

depressions (indentations or openings that serve as conduits for blood vessels and nerves)

What 2 categories of bone markings are there?

Tuberosity is a LARGE rounded projection

Tubercle is a SMALL rounded projection or process

Process is ANY bony prominence

Difference between a tuberosity, tubercle, and process.

Skull (cranium and face bones), hyoid, sternum, ribs, vertebrae, sacrum, and coccyx

What bones are part of the axial skeleton? (Major bones)

frontal bone

What bone is this?

coronal suture

Name this structure.

parietal bone

Name this bone.

supraorbital foramen

Name this foramen.

optic canal

What is the name of this canal?

frontal process of maxilla

Name this process.

lacrimal bone

Name this bone.

perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone

Name this bony landmark.

middle nasal concha

Name this bony landmark.

maxilla

What bone is also known as the upper jaw?

glabella

What is this?

D. frontalnasal suture

What is the name of this suture?

A. Coronal suture

B. Lambdoid suture

C. Sagittal suture

D. Frontonasal suture

greater wing of sphenoid

Name this structure

Temporal bone

Wha major bone is this?

Superior orbital fissure

Name this opening of the sphenoid bone.

ethmoid bone

Name this major bone.

nasal bone

Name this bone.

inferior orbital fissure

Name this opening of the sphenoid bone.

zygomatic bone

Name this bone.

infraorbital foramen

Name this foramen.

inferior nasal concha

Name this bone.

vomer bone

What bone forms the base for the nasal septum?

mandible

What bone is also known as the lower jaw?

mental foramen

Name this foramen.