general, systemic, and skeletal anatomy and arthrology

tissue

group of cells

organ

group of tissues

system

two or more organs

list the 10 systems

• skeletal

• circulatory

• digestive

• respiratory

• urinary

• reproductive

• nervous

• muscular

• endocrine

• integumentary

4 functions of the skeletal system

1. support and protect body

2. allow movement by interacting with muscles

3. produce blood cells

4. store calcium

2 functions of circulatory system

1. distributes oxygen to cells

2. transports waste products from cells

3 cardiovascular organs

• heart

• blood

• blood vessels

3 lymphatic organs

• lymph nodes

• vessels

• glands

2 functions of respiratory system

• supply oxygen

• eliminate carbon dioxide

2 functions of urinary system

• regulate blood

• eliminate waste products

2 functions of digestive system

• absorption

• elimination

main function of reproductive system

reproduce organism

main function of nervous system

regulate body activities

main function of muscular system

allows for movement

3 types of muscular tissues

• skeletal

• visceral (smooth)

• cardiac

2 functions of endocrine system

• ductless glands of body

• regulate body via hormones

2 functions of integumentary system

• protect the body

• eliminate waste through perspiration

4 parts of the axial skeleton

• skull

• vertebral column

• ribs

• sternum

3 parts of the appendicular skeleton

• limbs

• shoulder

• pelvic girdles

classification of long bones (4)

• limbs

• compact bone

• spongy bone

• periosteum

classification of short and flat bones (2)

• carpal and tarsal bones

• calvarium, sternum, ribs, scapulae

classification of irregular bones

peculiar shapes (vertebrae, facial bones, and pelvic bones)

epiphysis

the end part of a long bone, initially growing separately from the shaft

epiphyseal plate

area of growing tissue near the ends of the long bones in children and adolescents

red marrow

red blood cells (RBCs)

2 functions of yellow marrow

• stores fat for energy

• develops bone, cartilage, muscles, and fat cells for your body

structure of fibrous

held together by fibrous tissue

structure of cartilaginous

held together by cartilage

structure of synovial

synovial fluid in joint capsule

synarthrodial

immovable

amphiarthrodial

limited movement

diarthrodial

freely movable

function of fibrous joints

immovable to slightly immovable

syn-/sym-

with or together

amphi-

both, between, or along

3 types of fibrous joints

• syndesmosis

• suture

• gomphosis

function of cartilaginous joints

immovable to slightly immovable

2 types of cartilaginous joints

• symphyses

• synchondroses

function of synovial joints

freely movable or diarthrodial

6 types of synovial joints

• plane joint

• hinge joint

• pivot joint

• ellipsoid joint

• saddle joint

• ball and socket joint