Hair and conditionig and massaging

Primary goal of shampooing

To cleanse the hair and scalp by removing dirt, sebum, and product buildup prior to other salon services.

Natural pH range of hair, skin, and scalp

$4.5$ to $5.5$

Hydrophilic

The water-attracting head of a surfactant molecule.

Lipophilic

The oil-attracting tail of a surfactant molecule.

Clarifying shampoo

A formulation containing chelating agents used to bind to metals and remove heavy mineral or product buildup.

Humectants

Ingredients in conditioners that attract and retain moisture in the hair.

Protein conditioner

A product designed to penetrate the cortex and reinforce the hair shaft from within.

Scalp astringent lotion

A product applied after scalp treatments to remove excess sebum accumulation.

Clarifying shampoo

A formulation containing chelating agents used to bind to metals and remove heavy mineral or product buildup.

Humectants

Ingredients in conditioners that attract and retain moisture in the hair.

Protein conditioner

A product designed to penetrate the cortex and reinforce the hair shaft from within.

Scalp astringent lotion

A product applied after scalp treatments to remove excess sebum accumulation.

Acid-balanced shampoo

A shampoo formulation balanced to the natural pH of hair and skin ($4.5$ to $5.5$) to prevent excessive dryness.

Alkaline shampoo

A shampoo with a pH higher than $7.0$ that causes the hair cuticle to open and swell.

Soft water

Rainwater or chemically treated water containing small amounts of minerals, allowing shampoo to lather freely.

Hard water

Water containing minerals such as calcium and magnesium that reduce the ability of shampoo to lather.

Deionized water

Water that has had impurities, including mineral ions like calcium and magnesium, removed.

Primary surfactant

The main cleansing and foaming ingredient listed second in shampoo formulations after water.

Conditioning shampoo

A product designed to make hair smooth and shiny while improving manageability and preventing dryness.

Medicated shampoo

A shampoo containing active ingredients effective in reducing dandruff or relieving scalp conditions.

Dry shampoo

A powder-based cleanser that absorbs oil and cleanses hair without requiring water.

Sulfate-free shampoo

A cleanser formulated without harsh lauryl sulfates to protect color-treated or sensitive hair.

Neutralizing shampoo

A specialized shampoo used to re-balance hair pH after a chemical relaxer service.

Color-enhancing shampoo

A product combining a surfactant base with basic pigments to brighten or refresh hair color.

Rinse-out conditioner

A finishing rinse applied to hair and rinsed out immediately after shampooing to detangle and add shine.

Leave-in conditioner

A formulation applied to clean, damp hair and not rinsed out, offering continuous moisture and protection.

Deep-conditioning treatment

An intensive mixture of concentrated protein and moisture designed to restore damaged hair.

Spray-on thermal protector

A product applied prior to thermal styling to shield hair from heat damage.

Scalp conditioner

A cream-based product designed to soften and improve the health of the scalp substrate.

Function of silicone in conditioners

To reflect light, add shine, and provide slip without weighing the hair down.

Cortex

The middle layer of the hair shaft containing protein structures, elasticity, and natural pigment.

Cuticle

The outermost layer of the hair shaft composed of overlapping, scale-like transparent cells.

Medulla

The innermost layer of the hair shaft consisting of round or amorphous cells, often absent in fine hair.

Boar bristle brush

A natural brush that cleans and adds luster by distributing natural oils along the hair shaft.

Nylon bristle brush

A synthetic brush with rigid bristles ideal for detangling wet or thick hair.

Scalp massage

Systematic manipulation of the scalp to stimulate blood circulation and promote relaxation.

Contraindication

A condition or factor that renders a specific treatment or salon service inadvisable due to risk of harm.

Primary contraindication for scalp massage

Severe uncontrolled hypertension or infectious, open scalp lesions.

Effleurage

A light, continuous stroking massage movement applied with the palms or cushions of the fingers.

Petrissage

A kneading massage movement performed by lifting, squeezing, and pressing tissues with firm pressure.

Tapotement

A rapid, percussion-like massage movement involving light tapping, slapping, or hacking.

Dry hair and scalp treatment

A treatment using moisturizing and emollient agents when natural sebum production is deficient.

Oily hair and scalp treatment

A treatment designed to balance excessive sebum production through gentle scalp massage and astringents.

Anti-dandruff treatment

A treatment containing active antifungal agents such as zinc pyrithione or selenium sulfide.

Malassezia

The naturally occurring fungus that causes symptoms of dandruff when overgrowing on the scalp.

Shampoo draping

A protective setup consisting of a styling cape paired with two terry cloth towels during wet hair services.

Chemical draping

A protective setup featuring two towels and a chemical-resistant waterproof cape for chemical services.

High-frequency current

A micro-current violet ray device used in scalp treatments to stimulate blood flow and target microbes.

Chelating agents

Ingredients in clarifying shampoos that bind to metallic ions in water to prevent deposition on hair.

Hydrophobic

Water-repelling property characteristic of the lipophilic tail in surfactant molecules.

Universal solvent

Water, so named because it dissolves more substances than any other liquid.

Sedimentation

A water purification step where suspended matter settles to the bottom of a container.

Filtration

A purification process where water passes through a porous medium to filter out particles.

Distillation

A process of heating water to vapor and condensing it back into liquid to remove impurities.

Surfactants

Surface-active agents that allow oil and water to mix or emulsify.

Moisturizer

A chemical agent that promotes moisture retention in the hair or skin.

Protein treatments

Reconstructors that penetrate the cuticle into the cortex to rebuild tensile strength.

Hair elasticity

The ability of hair to stretch and return to its original length without breaking.

Hair porosity

The ability of hair to absorb moisture, determined by the condition of the cuticle layer.

Normal hair porosity

A condition where the cuticle is slightly raised, absorbing and retaining moisture predictably.

High hair porosity

A condition where the cuticle layer is lifted or damaged, absorbing moisture quickly but losing it easily.

Low hair porosity

A condition where the cuticle scales lie flat and tight, resisting moisture absorption.

Hair density

The number of individual hair strands per square inch of scalp surface.

Hair texture

The diameter or thickness of an individual hair strand, classified as fine, medium, or coarse.

Normal daily hair shedding rate

Approximately $50$ to $100$ strands per day.

Ideal water temperature for shampooing

Warm water, which effectively relaxes the cuticle and cleanses without irritating the scalp.

Purpose of a cool water rinse

To close the hair cuticle and smooth the hair shaft for enhanced shine.

Scalp manipulation

Rhythmic movements performed during shampooing to loosen debris and relax muscles.

Proper ergonomics during shampooing

Maintaining a neutral spine, relaxed shoulders, and standing close to the bowl to avoid back strain.

Effect of acidic solutions on hair

Causes the cuticle scales to shrink, contract, and lie flat.

Effect of alkaline solutions on hair

Causes the cuticle scales to swell, soften, and open up.

Emollients

Oily or fatty substances used to coat the hair shaft, smooth cuticles, and seal in moisture.

Spray leave-in conditioner

A lightweight formula recommended for fine hair to detangle without weighing it down.

Pre-shampoo treatment

An oil or balm treatment applied before washing to protect fragile hair from moisture loss.

Scalp analysis

A systematic inspection of hair and scalp before services to check for abrasions or infections.

Tinea capitis

Ringworm of the scalp, a contagious fungal infection that prohibits salon services.

Pediculosis capitis

Infestation of the hair and scalp with head lice, requiring refusal of service and medical treatment.

Scabies

A contagious skin disease caused by the itch mite burrowing under skin, serving as a strict contraindication.

Alopecia

Abnormal hair loss resulting from genetic factors, medical conditions, or hair trauma.

Posture rule for shampoo service

Keep feet shoulder-width apart and avoid twisting or bending excessively at the waist.