Kingship and Succession

Primogeniture

The eldest legitimate son would inherit his father’s title and all of his lands. This principle was issued in the 11th Century but was not completely established even in the 12th century

Richard’s Claim

Richard was the eldest legitimate son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine

He was his mother’s favourite child

In 1172 he was already the Duke of Aquitaine which gave him a lot of wealth and power

His claim was supported by many barons

in 1187-89 Richard fought a war with the king of France and John against his father

He was coronated on 3rd September 1189

Richard’s Character

Richard was a brave warrior as he showed in battle with his father and the Crusade. Also the crusade showed that Richard was dedicated and devoted to Christianity as he was willing to rescue the Holy Lands.

Richard learnt Chivalry in Aquitaine where her spent most of his childish however it also made Richard seem quite arrogant and selfish

John’s Claim

John’s claim was more complicated since he was not the eldest legitimate son of any previous kings and Arthur of Brittany had a stronger claim though he was 12.

John was supported by his mother William Marshal and the Archbishop of Canterbury, Hubert Walter

He was coronated on 27 May 1199

John and Philip

Philip supported Arthur’s claim to the throne so in May 1200 John went to France to secure control of the Continental Lands in the Angevin empire so John gave some lands to Philip, did homage to him and paid £13,500 in return of the continental lands, and for Philip to forfeit his support to Arthur

John’s Character

John was the most suitable and liked candidate for the succession of the throne which he proved through his reigning knowledge, and intellect when ensuring England was protected with a loyal baron when he left to France. However, his treatment of Arthur and the fines he made people pay made him seem cruel, rash and incapable of ruling knowledgably and humbly.