Psychology Chapter 9

Motivation and Emotion

motivation

the force that moves people to behave, think, and feel the way they do

intrinsic motivation

motivation based on internal factors such as organismic needs (competence, relatedness, and autonomy), as well as curiosity, challenge, and fun

extrinsic motivation

motivation that involves external incentives such as rewards and punishments

drive-reduction theory

as drive becomes stronger, we are motivated to reduce it

drive

an aroused state that occurs because of a physiological need

need

a physical or biological deprivation that energizes the drive to eliminate or reduce the deprivation

Yerkes Dodson law

the psychological principle stating that performance is best under conditions of moderate arousal rather than either low or high arousal

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

human needs must be satisfied in the following sequence: physiological needs, safety, love and belonging, esteem, and self-actualization

self-determination theory

Deci and Ryan’s theory asserting that all humans have three basic, innate organismic needs: competence, relatedness, and autonomy

self-regulation

the process by which an organism effortfully controls its behavior to pursue important objectives

emotion

feeling, or affect, that can involve physiological arousal (such as a fast heartbeat), conscious experience (thinking about being in love with someone), and behavioral expression (a smile or grimace)

universal facial expressions

anger, contempt, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise

display rules

Sociocultural standards that determine when, where, and how emotions should be expressed

facial feedback theory

The idea that facial expressions can influence emotions and reflect them

circumplex model of mood

arousal=activity level and valence= level of pleasantness

process model of emotion regulation

sequence in which our emotions are triggered and then responded to

identification

identifying need to regulate emotions

selection

selections among options

implementation

implementation of strategy

Oliva Espin

Born in Santiago De Cuba in 1938. She won 4,000 dollars on a game show and decided to travel. Graduated from the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida in 1974 with her Ph.D. in psychology. She brought together psychology, sociology, politics, and religion to look at gender, sexuality, language, and race. Looked at the psychology of immigrant and refugee women, Latina Psychology, and women and sexuality across cultures.