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Defined Boundary
Boundaries established by a legal document.
Delimited Boundary
Boundaries drawn on a map.
Demarcated Boundary
Boundaries defined by physical objects (walls, signs, fences).
Administered Boundary
Government administered/maintained boundary.
Supranationalism
The process of nation states organizing politically or economically into an alliance/organization.
UN
United Nations. An intergovernmental organization that aims to maintain international peace and security.
Permanent council members of the UN
China, France, Russian Federation, United Kingdom, and United States.
EU
European Union. A political and economic union of 27 European countries promoting integration.
NAFTA
North American Free Trade Agreement. Established a free-trade zone in North America.
NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization. A political and military alliance of countries from Europe and North America.
Autonomous Regions
Areas within a country with self-governance and independence.
Chokepoints
Geographic locations constricting the flow of people and goods during conflict.
Democratization
The process of establishing representative government led by popularly elected officials.
Devolution
Delegation of legal authority from a central government to lower levels.
Gerrymandering
Manipulating electoral district boundaries to favor a political party or group.
Law of the Sea
Coastal nations have sovereignty over 12 miles off their coast and economic rights over 200 miles.
Federal States
A country where governmental authority is shared among a central government and regional authorities.
Unitary States
A state where laws are administered uniformly by one central government.
Shatterbelts
Regions that are politically fragmented and subject to external pressures.
Multinational States
A state comprised of more than one nationality.
Multistate Nations
Ethnic groups existing across multiple state boundaries with a cohesive identity.
Municipalities
A city or town with corporate status and local government.
Nations
A group of people bound by common culture, ethnicity, language, and history.
Nation-states
A state where cultural borders of a nation correspond with state borders.
Stateless Nations
A nation of people without a state considered home.
Sovereign State
A state with total control over its internal and foreign affairs.
Sovereignty
The political authority of a state to govern itself.
Apartheid
Physical separation of different races into separate geographic areas.
Balkanization
Breakup of a larger country into smaller, often hostile, independent states.
Centrifugal Force
A force that brings people apart in a nation.
Centripetal Force
A force that brings people together in a nation.
Ethnic Cleansing
Forcibly removing a less powerful ethnic group to create a nation.
Ethnic Enclave
An area where a particular ethnic group is spatially clustered and distinct.
Ethnicity
Identity with a group of people sharing a common identity and homeland.
Genocide
Deliberate destruction of a group of people based on ethnicity, nationality, or religion.
Ghetto
An area where people of an ethnic minority are confined due to policies or obstacles.
Nationality
Identity with a group sharing legal attachment and allegiance to a country.
Race
Categorization of humans based on physical characteristics or ancestry.
Segregation
Enforced separation of different groups within society, resulting in unequal access.
