Class 9 Health and Illness Prevention - Infection Control Strategies

M4 nutrition

What are the body's natural defense mechanisms against infection?

• Skin,

• nose

  • (nasal hair and cilia),

• digestive system

  • (mucus membranes and gastric acid),

• eyes

  • (tears),

• ears

  • (wax).

What is the most important hygiene practice to control the spread of infections?

Hand washing.

What does the incubation period refer to?

The time from when the germ enters the body until symptoms appear.

what is the process of the incubation Period

•The incubation period begins when the germ first enters the body

•Natural defense systems try to destroy the germ

•Incubation periods vary depending on the germ

•By the time symptoms appear, the host is already spreading the infection

What are some vehicles of transmission for germs?

Air, stool, food, blood and body fluids, objects.

Why is hand washing considered the most effective strategy against infections?

It removes germs from hands and reduces the risk of spreading infections.

What method is recommended for cleaning and sanitizing toys?

The Three Sink Method: cleaning with soap and hot water, rinsing with clear warm water, and sanitizing with a bleach solution.

What precautions should be taken regarding hand sanitizers in early childhood settings?

They must be kept out of reach of children and are ineffective on visibly dirty hands.

What is the purpose of cleaning?

To remove dirt and germs from objects and surfaces.

Along with the cleaning solution, you must scrub to create the friction needed to remove dirt and germs.

What is the purpose of disinfecting?

ensures that as many germs as possible are eliminated from objects and surfaces.

In most cases, objects and surfaces are cleaned and rinsed, and then disinfected and left to air-dry.

what else is needed to remove dirt and germs from objects and surfaces other than a cleaning solution?

You Must Scrucb to create the friction needed to remove germs and dirt

What is the proper bleach solution ratio for sanitizing?

1 part bleach to 100 parts water.

What is the Germs

A generic term and can include all the following: •Viruses •Parasites •Bacteria •Fungi

What is the host?

The person who is ill. The body provides warmth and nourishment, an ideal environment for germs to thrive.

what is the vehicles of Transmission

The way Germs can be spread to the new host:

These can be direct or indirect:

directly: person to person through the air or by direct contact (e.g., touching, kissing)

indirectly: on vehicles (e.g., toys, hands, food, objects)

What is the New Host

Refers to the next person who gets the infection.

What is the correct order of how an infection is spread?

Germ, Host, Vehicles of Transmission, New Host.

What needs to be cleaned?

• Toys (Mouthed and Played with)

• Water Tables

• Lunch Tables

• Furniture and equipment

• Bathrooms & Change Tables

• Cribs & Sleeping cots

what are the cleaning and sanitizing Products and Techniques

• Cleaning and Sanitizing are different

• Household cleaning products are safe for child care centres

• Cloth towels can used but must be laundered after each use

• Use paper towels for body fluids and dispose properly

Why do we use bleach to clean?

• Highly effective

• Inexpensive

• Easy to use

• Readily available

• Safe to use around children (with proper ratio to water)

• Recommended by Regional Health Departments

how do you use bleach

Mix a fresh bleach solution each day

Mix the solution (1 part bleach, 100 parts water) or ½ teaspoon to 1 cup

Toys: Use the three-sink method

What is the 3 sink method

One container soap and hot water to clean the surface

Two Clear warm rinse water

Three Bleach solution Be sure to leave the object in the bleach solution for 30 seconds to sanitize

Air dry

How do you keep a water table clean and sanitized?

• Fill the table with fresh water each morning

• Empty the table at the end of each day, wash with detergent and rinse, disinfect, & leave to air dry overnight

• Disinfect and air dry water toys

• Clean and disinfect blow toys, pipes and straws after use

• Encourage children & staff to wash hands before and after playing in the water

• Discourage children who aren’t feeling well from playing in the water

• Close the table during diarrhea/flu outbreaks

how often is it recommended that you replace the water in the water table?

Every Day!

How important is hand washing to infection control?

It is the most important strategy for controlling the spread of infections.

when is it important to wash your hands?

• Upon arrival at the centre

• Before handling food or food utensils

• Before feeding children

• After caring for ill children

• After wiping a child’s nose

• After changing diapers or assisting children in the washroom

when is it essential to wash your hand before?

Handling Food

When is it essential to wash your hands after?

Changing a Disper

What are the proper steps to wash your hands?

1. Use warm running water

2. Wet your hands and add liquid soap

3. Rub your hands vigorously for 5 to 10 seconds

4. Wash all surfaces, including the backs of hands & between fingers

5. Rinse your hands well under running water for 5 to 10 seconds

6. Dry your hands with a paper towel

7. Turn taps off with the paper towel

8. Dispose of paper towel

what is the 3 towel method and who is it used for?

used with infants and some toddlers

1. Warm Soapy Single-Use Towel

2. Rinse with Second Towel

3. Dry with Third

Toddlers who can stand at a sink follow the same hand washing practices as preschoolers; some assistance may be necessary.

what should you remember about Anti-bacterial Soaps and Sanitizers

• Misuse and overuse of antibacterial cleaning and hygiene products can contribute to antibiotic resistant bacteria

• Scientists are concerned that antibacterial agents select bacteria that are resistant to them and become cross-resistant to antibiotics

• Also, if these agents alter a person’s microflora, it can negatively affect the normal maturation of the T helper cell response of the immune system, leading to more allergies in children.

• Canadian Pediatric Society (CPS) recommends plain soap and water in most domestic and public settings (2008).