MODULE 2 – POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES

Anarchism

The belief that the best government is absolutely no government; it argues that all forms of government are repressive and should be abolished.

Nihilism

An ideology that emphasizes that everything—both government and society—must be periodically destroyed to begin anew.

Liberalism

A political ideology that emphasizes individual freedom, equality, human rights, and limited government.

Conservatism

A political ideology that emphasizes tradition, order, stability, and slow, cautious change.

Socialism

A political and economic ideology that emphasizes equality, social ownership, and fair distribution of wealth.

Nationalism

A political ideology that emphasizes strong loyalty and pride in one's nation.

Fascism

A far-right, authoritarian political ideology that emphasizes total control by the state, strong nationalism, and obedience to a powerful leader.

Political Ideology

A certain set of ethical ideals, principles, doctrines, myths, or symbols of a social movement that explains how society should work.

Goals of Political Ideology

How society should be organized.

Methods of Political Ideology

The most appropriate way to achieve the goals set by the ideology.

Political Spectrum

A system that categorizes political ideologies based on their position, often described as left, center, or right.

Moral Entrepreneurs

Individuals or groups that influence the popularity of political ideologies often acting in their own interests.

Populism

A political approach that seeks to represent the interests and concerns of ordinary people, often in opposition to the elite.

Industrial Revolution

The period marked by the emergence of technologies such as the steam engine and mass production, significantly impacting social and economic structures.

Edmund Burke

A British statesman and philosopher known for his critique of the French Revolution and the founding ideas of classical conservatism.

Reflections on the Revolution in France

A foundational text of classical conservatism written by Edmund Burke in response to the French Revolution.

Community Ownership

The concept in socialism that resources should be owned and managed by the community or the state rather than by individuals.

Ethical Ideals

The principles that guide the beliefs and values of a political ideology regarding what is right and just in society.

Filipino Political Life

The complex interplay of various political ideologies in the Philippines, affecting attitudes, beliefs, and social interactions.

Impact of Political Ideologies

The effect of differing political beliefs on the social and political life of individuals and communities.