KREB cycle

after glycolysis what is made

2 NADH

4ATP

2Pyruvate (3c)

what does krebs cycle take from glycolysis

pyruvate

glycolysis must need___ to continue

NAD+

if NAD+ is vital to glycolysis, how can we reboot the cycle?

NADH must be OXIDIZED back into NAD+

how can we oxidize NADH back into NAD? 2

• etc

• fermentation

inner membrane fold name

cristae

space in inner mem

matrix

site of AEROBIC resp

matrix

what is the main goal of krebs

FINAL glucose breakdown

how many steps in krebs

9 and a “step zero”

step 0:

oxidation of pyruvate

step 0: oxidation of pyruvate

pryruvate is oxidized

NAD+ —> NADH

-CO2 “lost” as COO-

CO-A added

3C—>2C :pyruvate to acetyl CoA

step one:

Acetyl-CoA adds its 2C to

Oxaloacetate

(4C) producing Citrate (6C

step 2+3

Citrate converted to IsoCitrate

•removal & addition of H2O

•Aconitate intermediate

step 4

oxidation + de-carboxylation

•Isocitrate is oxidized: NAD+ reduced to NADH

•Carboxyl group -COO- is removed and exits as CO2

•6C --> 5C α-Ketoglutarate

step 5

•α-Ketoglutarate is oxidized & NAD+ is reduced to NADH

•Again -COO- is removed as CO2

•Co-enzyme A is attached again

•5C --> 4C Succinyl-CoA

step 6

•CoA is replaced by a PO4 group

•Succinyl-CoA (4C) -> Succinate (4C

)•PO4 group passed to GDP -> GTP

•GTP is then transformed into ATP

step 7

Succinate is oxidized & electrons are

transferred to FAD+ to form FADH

Succinate (4C) --> Fumarate (4C

step 8

Addition of H2O to form 4C Malate

step 9

•Malate is oxidized to form Oxaloacetate which can regenerate the Krebs Cycle

•NAD+ is reduced to NADH

what is made from one pyruvate?

•4 NADH formed, 1 FADH2

•1 ATP (as GTP)

what one does glucose molecule make from krebs?

8 NADH formed, 2 FADH2

•2 ATP (as GTP)