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Presente
Actions happening now, general truths.
Pretérito
Completed past actions.
Imperfecto
Ongoing past actions, descriptions, habits.
Futuro
Actions that will happen.
Condicional
Hypothetical situations, polite requests.
Subjuntivo
Expresses wishes, emotions, doubt, impersonal expressions.
Ser (to be)
Yo (Presente): Soy, Yo (Pretérito): Fui, Yo (Subjuntivo Presente): Sea.
Estar (to be)
Yo (Presente): Estoy, Yo (Pretérito): Estuve, Yo (Subjuntivo Presente): Esté.
Ir (to go)
Yo (Presente): Voy, Yo (Pretérito): Fui, Yo (Subjuntivo Presente): Vaya.
Tener (to have)
Yo (Presente): Tengo, Yo (Pretérito): Tuve, Yo (Subjuntivo Presente): Tenga.
Hacer (to do/make)
Yo (Presente): Hago, Yo (Pretérito): Hice, Yo (Subjuntivo Presente): Haga.
Global Issues (Los problemas globales)
el cambio climático (climate change), la contaminación (pollution), la pobreza (poverty), el calentamiento global (global warming).
Health (La salud)
la dieta equilibrada (balanced diet), hacer ejercicio (to exercise), la obesidad (obesity), el estrés (stress).
Education (La educación)
el aprendizaje (learning), el sistema educativo (education system), la universidad (university), el examen (exam).
Technology (La tecnología)
el internet (internet), la inteligencia artificial (artificial intelligence), la ciberseguridad (cybersecurity).
Adding Information
Además, también, encima, es más.
Contrasting
Sin embargo, aunque, no obstante, por otro lado.
Giving Examples
Por ejemplo, como, tal como.
Summarizing
En resumen, en conclusión, en definitiva.
Artículo (Article)
Title, introduction, structured paragraphs, conclusion.
Correo Formal (Formal Email)
Greeting, introduction, body, conclusion, farewell.
Blog
Catchy title, introduction, informal tone, conclusion.
Carta Informal (Informal Letter)
Friendly tone, introduction, questions, farewell.
Misusing "ser" and "estar"
Use ser for permanent traits (Soy estudiante), estar for temporary states (Estoy cansado).
Forgetting subjunctive
After expressions like Espero que..., use subjunctive (Espero que vengas).
Wrong word order
Adjectives usually come after nouns (un coche rojo instead of un rojo coche).
1. Introduction
Give a brief overview.
2. Describe the Photo
Mention setting, people, and actions.
3. Make a Connection
Relate the topic to a bigger theme.
4. Give a Personal Opinion
Share your thoughts.
5. Conclude
Summarize key points.
Well...
Bueno...
I mean...
Es decir...
Let me think...
Déjame pensar...
In other words...
En otras palabras...
On the other hand...
Por otro lado...