Essential Spanish IB Exam Preparation Guide

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36 Terms

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Presente

Actions happening now, general truths.

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Pretérito

Completed past actions.

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Imperfecto

Ongoing past actions, descriptions, habits.

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Futuro

Actions that will happen.

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Condicional

Hypothetical situations, polite requests.

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Subjuntivo

Expresses wishes, emotions, doubt, impersonal expressions.

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Ser (to be)

Yo (Presente): Soy, Yo (Pretérito): Fui, Yo (Subjuntivo Presente): Sea.

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Estar (to be)

Yo (Presente): Estoy, Yo (Pretérito): Estuve, Yo (Subjuntivo Presente): Esté.

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Ir (to go)

Yo (Presente): Voy, Yo (Pretérito): Fui, Yo (Subjuntivo Presente): Vaya.

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Tener (to have)

Yo (Presente): Tengo, Yo (Pretérito): Tuve, Yo (Subjuntivo Presente): Tenga.

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Hacer (to do/make)

Yo (Presente): Hago, Yo (Pretérito): Hice, Yo (Subjuntivo Presente): Haga.

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Global Issues (Los problemas globales)

el cambio climático (climate change), la contaminación (pollution), la pobreza (poverty), el calentamiento global (global warming).

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Health (La salud)

la dieta equilibrada (balanced diet), hacer ejercicio (to exercise), la obesidad (obesity), el estrés (stress).

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Education (La educación)

el aprendizaje (learning), el sistema educativo (education system), la universidad (university), el examen (exam).

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Technology (La tecnología)

el internet (internet), la inteligencia artificial (artificial intelligence), la ciberseguridad (cybersecurity).

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Adding Information

Además, también, encima, es más.

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Contrasting

Sin embargo, aunque, no obstante, por otro lado.

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Giving Examples

Por ejemplo, como, tal como.

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Summarizing

En resumen, en conclusión, en definitiva.

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Artículo (Article)

Title, introduction, structured paragraphs, conclusion.

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Correo Formal (Formal Email)

Greeting, introduction, body, conclusion, farewell.

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Blog

Catchy title, introduction, informal tone, conclusion.

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Carta Informal (Informal Letter)

Friendly tone, introduction, questions, farewell.

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Misusing "ser" and "estar"

Use ser for permanent traits (Soy estudiante), estar for temporary states (Estoy cansado).

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Forgetting subjunctive

After expressions like Espero que..., use subjunctive (Espero que vengas).

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Wrong word order

Adjectives usually come after nouns (un coche rojo instead of un rojo coche).

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1. Introduction

Give a brief overview.

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2. Describe the Photo

Mention setting, people, and actions.

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3. Make a Connection

Relate the topic to a bigger theme.

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4. Give a Personal Opinion

Share your thoughts.

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5. Conclude

Summarize key points.

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Well...

Bueno...

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I mean...

Es decir...

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Let me think...

Déjame pensar...

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In other words...

En otras palabras...

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On the other hand...

Por otro lado...