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When are the years of the Medieval Era?
400-1450 AD
What is the order of vocal music in the Middle Ages?
Plainchant/plainsong
Gregorian Chant
Organum
Motet
How many parts did an early motet typically start with?
3-4
Who was the Middle Ages named after?
Pope Gregory
Why is the Middle Ages named after Pope Gregory?
He put a reformation in place that set it into action
What does “Ars Antiqua” mean?
Old Art
What does a motet add?
Three/four more vocal lines
Where are the Troubadours from?
Southern France
What was the Trouverés instrument of choice?
Loot
What were the Trouverés’ songs typically about?
Courtly Love
What is courtly love?
Chivalry
Romantic love
Elevated ideas of romance
Where are the Trouverés from?
Northern France
What does “Ars Nova” mean?
New Art
Who was Ars Nova developed by?
Philippe de Vitry
What was the first type of music in the Middle Ages called?
Plain chant and Plain Song
Where is a bas meant to be played?
Inside
Where is a haut meant to be played?
Outside
Shawm is an early predecessor of what?
Oboe
Sackbut is an early predecessor of what?
Trombone
Buisine is an early predecessor of what?
Trumpet
What kind of instruments are the shawm, buisine, and sackbut?
Haut instruments
What kind of instruments are the recorder, lute, psaltery, harp, hurdy gurdy, and viol?
Bas instruments
What was Hildegard von Bingen?
A saint and composer, one of the first female composers
Who came first - Perotin or Leonin?
Leonin
What churches did both Perotin and Leonin work for?
Notre Dame
Leonin was part of which Ars movement?
Ars Antiqua
Perotin was part of which Ars movement?
Ars Nova
What does “Renaissance” mean?
Rebirth
What years is the Renaissance era?
1400-1600 AD
What major world event did the Renaissance come out of?
The Black Plague, or “Black Death”
What are the three schools of the Renaissance era?
Flemish, Virginalist, Venetian
What country is the Flemish school from? What are the countries also called
Netherlands/Belgium
Low countries
What were the Flemish melodies meant to do?
Mirror the rhythm of spoken word
What were the Flemish schools’ influences?
Greek and Roman mythology
What country is the Virginalists school from? What instrument do the play?
England
Virginal
What did the Virginalist school help to develop?
Written notation
What city and country is the Venetian school from?
Venice, Italy
Who was the Venetian school started by?
Adrian Willaert
Who came after Adrian Willaert?
Gabrielli
What church did both Willaert and Gabrielli work for?
St. Mark’s
What is the hallmark of Willaert and Gabrielli’s writing style?
Polychoral (very rarely sing together)
What traditional period is Dufay from?
Late Medieval to Renaissance
Des Prez was the first composer to start using what?
Shorter musical ideas
Palestrina is known for what two things?
Counterpoint
Went away from imitation
Fun fact: we have this composer to thank for how choral music sounds today!
William Byrd was part of what school of thought?
Virginalist
Did William Byrd write more instrumental or vocal music?
Instrumental
What church did Gabrielli work for?
St. Mark’s
Gabrielli was the first composer to use what?
Dynamics
What is the order of Madrigal?
Soprano
Alto
Tenor
Bass
Were Early Madrigals typically more serious or funny?
Serious
What is the important word to remember with Mid-Century Madrigal?
More!
Had more emotion (happier), more parts, and rhythms became more complex
What are the two things you need to remember about Late Madrigals?
Used word painting
Used chromaticism
The allemande dance is from what country?
Germany
The sarabande dance is from what country(s)?
Spain, but could also be from Latin America
The pavane dance is from what country?
England
The basse dance is from what country?
France
The saltarello dance is from what country?
Italy
Vivaldi’s dad was what?
A violinist
What orphanage did Vivaldi work at?
Piata
From the ages of 15-25, Vivaldi studied to be what?
Priest
How long was Vivaldi a priest for?
One year
What was Vivaldi’s nickname?
Red Priest, on account of his red hair
What was Vivaldi’s MOST famous composition?
The Four Seasons
Which season of Vivaldi’s work is this? “Burnt songs, someone sleeping in a field, bagpipes”
Spring
Which season of Vivaldi’s work is this? “One giant work of thunderstorms”
Summer
Which season of Vivaldi’s work is this? “Peasants dancing, peasant piece”
Autumn
Which season of Vivaldi’s work is this? “The bitter cold”
Winter
What year was Vivaldi born and what year did he die?
1678-1741
What year was Handel born and what year did he die?
1685-1759
What year was Bach born and what year did he die?
1685-1750
What was Handel’s dad’s profession?
Barber and surgeon
Who supported Handel’s musical ventures?
His Mom
What did Handel’s Dad want him to be?
A lawyer
Handel worked for two famous courts as a music director - who were they?
King George the 1st and King George the 2nd
What country did Handel get most of his education from?
Venice, Italy
Where was Handel born, where did he study, and where did he move to?
Germany
Italy
England
What pieces did Handel write?
“Zadok the Priest”
“Messiah”
“Water Music”
“Music for the Royal Fireworks”
Bach’s dad was what?
Violonist
At the age of ten, Bach became what?
An orphan
Did Bach go to school to become a vocalist or instrumentalist?
Vocalist
What happened to Bach to change what he went to school for and what instruments did he study?
His voice changed
Violin and harpsichord
What two organists did Bach study with?
Bohm and Buxtehude
In Muhlhausen Bach disagreed with who?
His pastor, pastor thought music should sound like Medieval and Renaissance music
In Weimar, what two pieces did Bach write?
Toccata and Fugue in D Minor
Jesu Joy of Man’s Desire
In Cothen, what three pieces did Bach write?
Brandenburg Concertos (6)
First book of Well-Tempered Clavier
Six Cello Suites
In Leipzig, Bach wrote his four what?
Passions
Who were the four people in Bach’s passions?
Matthew
Luke
John
Peter
Which passions of Bach’s do we still have?
Matthew
John
Toccata means what?
to touch
Jesu Joy of Man’s Desire is from cantata what?
147
How many Brandenburg concertos are there? Are the same or different instrumentation?
Six
Different
How many preludes and fugues make up the Well-Tempered Clavier?
Twenty-four
How many volumes are there of the Well-Tempered Clavier?
Two
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