Microbiology History and Infectious Diseases Practice Flashcards

This set of vocabulary flashcards covers key scientists, historical theories of life, the development of vaccines and drugs, and various infectious diseases discussed in the microbiology lecture.

Robert Hooke

The first person to see cells in $1665$ while looking at cork under a microscope.

Rudolf Virchow

A scientist who stated that cells come from preexisting cells.

Francesco Redi

A scientist who demonstrated that maggots come from flies rather than meat, supporting biogenesis.

Agostino Bassi

A scientist who proved that a fungus causes silkworm disease.

Louis Pasteur

A scientist who proved that microorganisms cause disease and helped establish Germ Theory.

Ignaz Semmelweis

A scientist who introduced handwashing to prevent childbed fever.

Joseph Lister

A scientist who introduced antiseptic surgery by using disinfectants to reduce infections.

Robert Koch

A scientist who studied Anthrax and developed Koch’s Postulates to prove a specific microbe causes a specific disease.

Edward Jenner

A scientist who developed the first vaccine by using cowpox to prevent smallpox.

Paul Ehrlich

A scientist who developed the concept of the "Magic Bullet" and created the drug Salvarsan to treat syphilis.

Alexander Fleming

A scientist who discovered Penicillin after observing no bacterial growth around Penicillium mold.

Rebecca Lancefield

A scientist who classified Streptococcus bacteria.

Cell Theory

A theory stating that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and new cells come from existing cells.

Spontaneous Generation

An incorrect belief that life comes from nonliving matter, such as maggots from meat or mices from dirty clothes.

Biogenesis

The correct principle that life comes from other living things, such as plants growing from seeds.

Germ Theory

The theory that microorganisms, or germs, cause disease.

Vaccination

The process of giving a vaccine to provide protection from disease.

Immunity

The state of being protected from a disease.

Quinine

A drug used to treat malaria.

Magic Bullet

A drug that kills germs without harming the patient.

Salvarsan

The first synthetic drug, used to treat syphilis.

Sulfonamides

The first antibacterial drugs.

Antibiotic

A drug that kills bacteria.

Zone of Inhibition

A clear area where bacteria do not grow around an antibiotic or mold.

Immunology

The study of the immune system, including vaccines, antibodies, and interferons.

Infectious Disease

A condition that occurs when germs overcome the immune system.

Emerging Infectious Disease (EID)

A disease that is new, spreading, or increasing in incidence, such as COVID-$19$ or Zika.

E. coli $O157:H7$

A dangerous strain of E. coli that produces toxins and causes bloody diarrhea and Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS).

Cryptosporidiosis

A disease caused by the protozoan Cryptosporidium, typically spread through contaminated water.

HIV/AIDS

Infection caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus that attacks the immune system; AIDS is the advanced stage of infection.

Ebola

A virus first found near the Ebola River in Congo that causes fever, bleeding, and organ failure.