Tumour microenvironment

Tumour microenvironmnet

What cells are in the tumour microenvironment

Immune cells - Tcells, Bcells, Macrophages

\
Fibroblastic cells- Tissue fibroblasts, Adipocytes

\
Vasculature cells- Endothelial cells, pericytes

Which immune cells are around the microenvironment

Tcells, Bcells and macrophages are there but they are not working

Which other components is in TME

Tumour surrounded by extracellular matrix and stromal cells

interactions between malignant and healthy cells, healthy cells helping

Intercellular communication between cytokines, chemokines, GFs, inflammatory enzymes helps the growth

what are vascular cells

LYMPHATIC ENDOTHELIAL CELLS

Pericytes

How does lymphatic endothelial cell work to help tumour

lymphangiogenesis occurs – production of Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)

VEGF causes sprouting of the lymphatic vessels

• Play a role in metastasis

recruits immune systems, macrophages to create more VEGF, helps cancer progression

Which T cells are present in TME

CD8+ memory T-cells - present but exhausted and they aren’t do anything, support tumours

CD4+ T helper cells- helping the tumour

\

How B cells help tumour

Present in TME but not doing their job instead promote growth of tumour

What is Tumour associated macrophages (TAMs)

They are pro-tumourigenic

Evidence that ↑TAMs → poor prognosis

Macrophages are major contributors to tumour angiogenesis

TAMs accumulate in hypoxic/necrotic areas of tumours

Makes VEGF

What are Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs)

They differentiate into TAMS, can do what TAMS can

MDSCs inhibit CD8+ T-cell activation through expression of NOS2 and arginase

What do Natural Killer do in TME

NK cells in tumour stroma, instead of killing tumour they are tired

Anergic phenotype – induced by TGFβ

Which fibroblastic cells are present in TME

(CAF) CANCER-ASSOCIATED FIBROBLASTS

How does CAF work

Promotes tumour growth by secreting growth factors to improve growth of tumours

Works with TGFβ induces EMT and contributes to immune-suppressive micro-environment

How does VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS & PERICYTES work to help TME

Makes VEGF

Hypoxia occurs which causes sprouting, stimulates angiogenesis

Pericytes involved in formation of blood vessels, promotes angiogenesis

How adipocytes (fats) help aid malignant cells

Secretion of adipokines - helps CAF production- tumour growth

• Promote growth – fatty acids

what are MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS

cells that can differentiate

How are mesenchymal stem cells involved in TME

found in TME

Enhance tumour metastasis • Drive tumour progression via EMT (soluble factors)

Great percussed for CAF- help tumour progression