2.1 electrons and orbitals

What is electromagnetic radiation?

A form of energy that travels in waves and has both electric and magnetic fields. Can be described as a wave or a particle.

Examples of electromagnetic radiation

• Radio waves

• Microwaves

• Infrared

• Visible

• Ultraviolet

• X-rays

• Gamma Rays

What is a light?

A. A wave

B. A particle

C. Both

D. Neither

C. Both

Different points of a wave

What is wavelength?

• (M) — distance from peak to peak

What is frequency?

• (Hz = s^-1) — number of wavefronts per sec

What is amplitude?

• Heights of peaks (intensity)

What is energy?

• Increases as frequency increases (and wavelength decreases)

Electromagnetic Radiation Equation

c = λ x v

— Where c = velocity of light (3.00e8 m s^-1)

Electromagnetic Spectrum

1. B

2. B

3. A

4. A

In meters:

3.0e8/3.0e18 = 1e-10 m

In nanometers:

1e-10m/1e-9m = 1.0e-1 nm

Meters and nanometers conversion

• Nm to M — divide by 1e-9

• M to Nm — multiply by 1e9

Properties of Waves: Diffraction

Properties of Waves: Interference (Constructive vs. Destructive)

C

A

A