ap world ch 10

Byzantine Empire created this type of Christianity

Eastern Orthodox Christianity

Western Europe adopted this type of Christianity after Rome's fall

Roman Catholicism

Primary cause of Christianity disappearing from Africa and Asia

The rise and spread of Islam (7th century onward)

Dome of the Rock significance to Jews

Location of the Temple Mount, their holiest site

Dome of the Rock significance to Christians

Associated with biblical events like Abraham's sacrifice

Treatment of Christians in Muslim-controlled Syria and Persia

As "dhimmis" - protected but paid jizya tax with restrictions

Meaning of "diasporic community"

A widely dispersed or spread out community

How Christians in China spread their faith

Through syncretism - blending Christian ideas with Buddhist/Daoist concepts

Definition of "dhimmis"

Non-Muslims under Muslim rule granted protection in exchange for jizya tax

Reason for Christianity's decline in Egypt

Conversion to Islam offered social/economic advantages and Arabization

Reason for Nubian Christianity's collapse by 1500

Muslim immigration, political pressure, and internal decline of kingdoms

Reason Ethiopian Christianity persisted

Geographic isolation in mountainous highlands

Historians' description of Byzantine Empire's beginnings

Direct continuation of the Roman Empire in the East

Eastern Roman Empire survived barbarian invasions because

Wealthier economy, defensible borders, stronger centralized government

How Byzantium preserved Roman culture

Maintained infrastructure, law codes, and imperial administration

Byzantine Empire's geographic location

Crossroads of Europe and Asia (Balkans, Anatolia, Syria, Egypt)

Byzantine government structure

Highly centralized, bureaucratic state ruled by all-powerful emperor

How Byzantine emperors established elite status

Elaborate ceremonies, luxurious clothing, impressive architecture

Significance of 1453 for Post-Classical era

Fall of Constantinople marks end of Byzantine Empire

Definition of "caesaropapism"

Emperor has supreme authority over the Church

What is a patriarch in Eastern Orthodoxy

Leading bishop in Eastern Orthodox Christianity

How Eastern Orthodoxy legitimized the emperor

Portrayed him as God's representative on earth

Definition of "icons"

Religious images of Jesus, Mary, and saints used in worship

Language used in Eastern Orthodox rituals

Greek and local languages (like Slavic)

Language used in Roman Catholic rituals

Latin

Ultimate authority in Eastern Orthodoxy

The Emperor and council of bishops

Ultimate authority in Roman Catholicism

The Pope in Rome

What happened in Great Schism of 1054

Mutual excommunication between Pope and Patriarch, splitting Christianity

How Crusades worsened East-West Christian relations

Fourth Crusade sacked Constantinople (1204), creating lasting bitterness

Byzantine military development

Greek Fire

Goods traded by Byzantium

Silk, glassware, jewelry, and luxury goods

How Byzantium preserved Greek learning

Copied and preserved ancient Greek texts

Where Byzantine missionaries focused efforts

North to convert Slavic peoples (Bulgarians, Rus)

Emerging state in Russia during this period

Kievan Rus

Prince Vladimir's motivation for choosing state religion

To unify his people and strengthen diplomatic/trade ties

Religion chosen by Prince Vladimir

Eastern Orthodox Christianity (c. 988)

Examples of Russian cultural borrowing from Byzantium

Architectural styles, Cyrillic alphabet, imperial control of Church

Reason for Western Europe's isolation after Rome's fall

Collapsed infrastructure, political fragmentation, economic decline

Official date of Rome's fall

476 CE

Evidence of Roman influence decline after fall

Trade collapsed, cities shrank, literacy declined, government decentralized

Political organization of Western Europe

Decentralized network of kings, lords, and vassals

Who was Charlemagne

Frankish king crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 800 CE

Charlemagne's major accomplishments

Unified Western Europe, promoted learning, allied with Church

Definition of "feudalism"

Decentralized political/economic system based on lord-vassal relationships

Lord-vassal relationship dynamic

Lord grants land (fief), vassal provides military service and loyalty

Difference between slave and serf

Slave: property with no rights; Serf: bound to land but not property

What serfs provided to lords

Labor, crops, fees

What serfs received from lords

Right to work land and protection

Why families would choose serfdom

Physical security and land access in unstable times

Institution providing unity in Western Europe

Roman Catholic Church