Launching A New Nation (copy)

Cabinet

group of advisers to the President; part of "Unwritten Constitution"

Hamilton's Financial Plan

pay off debts & create the BUS

Impact of Whiskey Rebellion

Washington sent the message that States must abide by federal law

Proclamation of Neutrality

US would not support Britain or France because war was not in the new nation's interest

Jay Treaty

British would give up forts in NW Territory in exchange for ability to trade on US side of Canadian border

Key Messages in Washington's Farewell Address

political parties are dangerous & steer clear of permanent alliances

Key Traditions Established by Washington

Cabinet, isolationism, 2 term limit

Platform of Federalist Party

more power to federal gov't, loose interpretation of Constitution, pro-tariffs, pro-British, merchants

Platform of Democratic-Republican Party

more power to States, strict interpretation of Constitution, against tariffs, pro-French, commoners

XYZ Affair

US sent over a diplomat to meet with French foreign minister & French sent 3 low-level officials & demanded a $250,000 bribe to see the minister

Alien & Sedition Acts

in response to tensions with France, made it harder to become a citizen & easier to deport aliens & made it a crime to speak out against the gov't & interfering with the gov't

Nullification

theory that States have a right to declare a federal law unconstitutional & disobey it

Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions

pushed for nullification of the Alien & Sedition Acts & pointed out violation of 1st Amendment & checks & balances

12th Amendment

the Electoral College now votes separately for President & Vice-President (runner-up is no longer VP)

Impact of Chief Justice John Marshall's Leadership

helped strengthen the power of the federal gov't

Marbury v. Madison

created the power of judicial review

Judicial Review

the ability of the Court to declare laws passed by Congress & actions of the executive unconstitutional

McCulloch v. Maryland

the BUS could be created using the "necessary and proper"/elastic clause & MD could not tax it because of the supremacy clause & federal supremacy

Gibbons v. Ogden

Congress has the power to regulate interstate commerce

Jefferson's Dilemma over the Louisiana Purchase

he was a believer in a strict interpretation of the Constitution & buying land was not mentioned

Impact of the Louisiana Purchase

doubled the size of the US & ushered in "Manifest Destiny"

Impressment

practice of seizing Americans at sea & drafting them into the British navy

Embargo Act of 1807

ban on exports to Europe in hopes of getting British & French to stop interfering with US ships

Reasons for War of 1812

British were involved in impressment, arming the Native Americans, interference with US trade, Chesapeake incident

Treaty of Ghent & Later Agreements with British

end to War of 1812, demilitarization of Great Lakes region, set border at 49th parallel, joint occupation of Oregon Territory

Reasons for Industrial Revolution

Embargo Act of 1807 & British blockade during the War of 1812

Major Differences between Northern & Southern Economy

North was industrialized & had factories & small farms whereas the South had a cash crop economy

Impact of Cotton Gin

led to expansion of plantations & an increase in the demand for slaves

Madison's American System

develop transportation system & internal improvements, promote a protective tariff, resurrect the BUS

Nationalism

loyalty to one's nation; increased with War of 1812

Sectionalism

loyalty to one's region rather than the country as a whole; increased over issues of slavery & tariffs

Monroe Doctrine

declared that Europe should not interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere & in exchange the US would stay out of European affairs

Missouri Compromise

to keep the balance between free & slave states in the Senate, ME would be free & MO would be a slave state, & all new territories above 36'30' would be free of slavery & below would allow slavery

Reason for Increase in Democracy in 1828 Election

property requirement for voting was ended--now all white males could vote

Spoils System

the incoming president gets rid of former appointed officials & replaces them with his own supporters

Assimilation

to make similar to mainstream culture

Indian Removal Act of 1830

federal government would give $ to Native American tribes in exchange for the tribes moving west of the MS River

Worcester v. Georgia

GA had no power to enforce any laws over the Cherokee because the Cherokee were their own "nation" & only the federal gov't could make treaties with nations; Jackson refused to enforce the decision

Treaty of Echota

signed by only a minority of the Cherokee & agreement declared that Cherokee would give up its last 8 million acres in exchange for $5 million & agreement to move west of MS River

"Trail of Tears"

800 mile trek made by Cherokee to new land west of MS River; harsh conditions were experienced & many died along journey

"Tariff of Abominations"

nickname given to Tariff of 1828 by southerners because they felt it was unjust & benefited the North at the expense of the South

Jackson's War against the BUS

he saw the BUS as an institution that only benefited the wealthy & Congress so he vetoed the bill to recharter the bank & sent the $ to state banks

Whig Party & Its Platform

"Anti-Jackson" Party that wished to bring back the "American System"--tariff, use of tariff $ to build transportation network, BUS & a national currency

Second Great Awakening

revival of religious feeling that encouraged a rejection of pre-determination & seeking to improve one's lives & society

Transcendentalism

movement encouraging people to question tradition & emphasizes individualism, self-reliance, & independent thinking

Mental Health Reform

encouraged by Dorothea Dix who brought up realities of mentally ill being treated harshly in jails & prisons

Public Schools Movement

led by Horace Mann who pointed out the value of creating educated citizens--without education the republic would go down to destruction

Abolitionist Movement

push to end slavery in the US

William Lloyd Garrison

abolitionist who called for immediate emancipation & started the newspaper, The Liberator

Frederick Douglass

runaway slave, known for his speeches on the realities of slavery & started the newspaper, The North Star

Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Lucretia Mott

organized the Seneca Falls Convention & wrote the "Declaration of Sentiments" which pointed out that all "men and women" should be created equal