Revolutions Study Guide

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the French Revolution, Industrial Revolution, and Russian Revolution as outlined in the lecture notes.

What are the three estates in the Old Regime of France and their population percentages?

1st Estate: <1% Clergy, 2nd Estate: 2% Nobility, 3rd Estate: 97% Everyone else.

What was the impact of the Reign of Terror on French society?

It instilled fear among citizens, making them cautious about expressing any anti-revolution feelings.

Who was Maximilien Robespierre and what was his role in the Reign of Terror?

He led the Reign of Terror to eliminate any traces of the Old Regime and executed many perceived enemies.

Why were other countries with monarchies supportive of the Old Regime in France?

They feared that the overthrow of the French monarchy would inspire revolutionary movements in their own nations.

What military actions did France take during its revolution?

France expanded its military strength to combat Austria, Prussia, Holland, Spain, and Britain to ensure the monarchy stayed dead.

What reforms did Napoleon implement in France after the Revolution?

He instituted democratic reforms such as education rights, a legal code, and equality before the law for men.

What advantages did Britain have that made it ideal for the start of the Industrial Revolution?

Abundance of natural resources, political stability, creation of factories, and development of railroads.

What was a significant issue regarding child labor during the Industrial Revolution?

Children worked long hours in dangerous conditions, often without choice, due to factory owners prioritizing profit over safety.

What were some important reforms that emerged from the Industrial Revolution?

Unions were formed to fight for workers' rights, labor laws began to develop, and women's rights movements gained momentum.

What led to the Russian Revolution, specifically regarding peasants?

Peasant struggles due to extreme poverty, lack of basic needs, and seeing the Czar living in luxury spurred revolutionary sentiments.

What was Bloody Sunday and its significance?

It was a protest where 200,000 factory workers demanded better conditions; they were fired upon, leading to national unrest.

How did Rasputin influence the Czar and affect Russian leadership?

His undue influence highlighted the weakness of the Czar's leadership and contributed to political instability.