Q4 - Liver (Week 2)

Liver Cyst

Thin-walled, anechoic structures with posterior enhancement, representing simple cysts that have no septations.

Polycystic Liver Disease (PLD)

A dominant genetic disorder characterized by the presence of multiple cysts on or around the liver.

Biliary Hamartoma

A benign liver malformation composed of small, disorganized clusters of dilated bile ducts, also known as Von Meyenburg complex.

Pyogenic Liver Abscess

A pus collection in the liver, often with an unknown cause.

Amebic Liver Abscess

A pus-filled infection in the liver caused by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica.

Viral Hepatitis

Inflammation of the liver caused by viral infections.

Hydatid Disease

Infection caused by the echinococcus tapeworm, resulting in cyst formation in the liver.

Schistosomiasis

The most common parasitic infection in humans, characterized by peri-portal fibrosis and portal hypertension.

Cirrhosis

Chronic liver disease where the normal architecture of the liver is destroyed, leading to fibrosis.

Jaundice

A clinical presentation of cirrhosis characterized by yellowing of the skin and eyes due to liver dysfunction.

Doppler of Portal Hypertension

Used to determine the direction of flow and assess the vascular status of the liver in cases of portal hypertension.

TIPS (Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt)

A procedure that creates a pathway between the portal and hepatic veins to reduce pressure in the hepatic circulation.

Cavernous Transformation of Portal Veins

Formation of periportal collateral channels visible on ultrasound in patients with chronic portal vein obstruction.

Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)

The most common primary malignant liver tumor, often associated with cirrhosis and increased alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels.

Focal Nodular Hyperplasia (FNH)

A common benign liver tumor characterized by a solitary lesion with a central scar and hormonal stimulation.

Hepatitis A

A highly contagious liver infection caused by the Hepatitis A virus, often transmitted through contaminated food or water.

Hepatitis B

A serious liver infection caused by the Hepatitis B virus that can become chronic, leading to serious liver issues.

Hepatitis C

Chronic liver disease caused by the Hepatitis C virus, which can lead to cirrhosis or liver cancer.

Cholestasis

A condition where bile flow is reduced or blocked, leading to accumulation of bile acids in the liver.

Fatty Liver Disease

Build-up of excess fat in the liver cells, often linked to obesity and diabetes.

Autoimmune Hepatitis

A disease in which the body's immune system attacks liver cells, leading to inflammation and damage.

Primary Biliary Cholangitis

A progressive disease that slowly destroys the bile ducts in the liver, leading to bile accumulation.

Acute Liver Failure

A rapid deterioration in liver function, often due to overdose of drugs, toxins, or viral infections.

Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy

A type of heart disease that can occur in patients with cirrhosis, characterized by alterations in cardiac function.

Liver Transplantation

A surgical procedure to replace a diseased liver with a healthy liver from a donor.