Projecting Power Final Quiz: Jeopardy

Benedict Anderson (2006) defines nations as "imagined communities." What does he mean by "imagined"?

• Although we’ll never meet each other, we still feel connected 

• Feel connected as a group even though we will never meet (we will never meet but we think we’re one big community)

  • They share an identity, religion, sexuality, nationality, etc.

  • Does not include ethnicity

What are some different dimensions of race, according to Roth?

• Racial identity, racial self-classification, observed race, reflected race, phenotype, and racial ancestry

•  Racial identity 

  • (a race you identify yourself with) 

• Self classification 

  • What race you classify yourself with, and what you tell other people

  • Checking race box on forms 

• Observed race

  • What people observe you to be

• Reflected race

  • What you think people see you as

• Racial ancestry

  • Family’s race

In Free Chol Soo Lee, we see the growth of an Asian American movement. What social force described by Espiritu contributed to both Chol Soo's wrongful imprisonment AND the uniting of pan-Asian organizers?

• Ascription 

  • Process by which dominant institutions, laws, or societal norms assign racial, ethnic, or national identities to individuals or groups—often based on stereotypes, historical power structures, or political agendas—rather than allowing people to define themselves

In Europa Europa, Solomon performs as a German to survive. What's another example of performing identity that we read about from Cleveland?

• Somali immigrants 

  • Wearing more ethnic clothing, use ethnic names, etc. to differentiate themselves from African Americans (since they were treated badly)

  • To separate themselves from ethnic Bantus, who were often confused with African Americans

According to Brubaker, ethnicity can be defined not as a group but as a…

• Contingent event 

  • A group could happen or could not, it depends on what's happening 

• Ethnicity can go up and down depending on what's going on 

  • Ex. an election

What are the two kinds of myths described by Sidanius & Pratto (1999)?

• Hierarchy-enhancing myths 

• Hierarchy attenuating myths

What are the two kinds of legal changes described by Stoddard?

• Culture-shifting laws 

• Rule-shifting laws

Why might movements want to change cultural narratives (Patterson & Monroe 1998)?

• To change widely held beliefs

  • Since culture can be seen as law, it would be required for movements

What is a scientific narrative we have seen in multiple films that supports essentialism?

• Eugenics

  • Racial tool used to justify oppression

Name two films where we have seen eugenics most prominently

Sami Blood and Europa Europa

According to Wasow (2020) on agenda seeding, how do the tactics of protesters influence media framing?

• Protestor tactics can shape how the media frames the stories, which shapes how people see them 

  • Nonviolence helps frame protesters sympathetically, violence does not

What kind of TV shows does Kim (2023) say might affect Americans' beliefs about economic mobility?

• Rags-to-riches reality shows

  • Includes Shark Tank, America’s Got Talent, etc. 

• Enforces the American dream: if you work hard, you can achieve something

  • This is bad because it's not realistic for many Americans, creating a false narrative

What is the "fundamental asymmetry" between movements and the media described by Gamson & Wolfsfeld (1993)?

• Movements rely much more on media than media relies on movements 

  • Movements need media to seem legitimate, to have a cause, to get into people’s minds

Gamson & Wolfsfeld (1993) say the media can provide validity to a movement. In which films do we see media do this prominently?

How to Survive a Plague

According to Benedict Anderson (2006), what did the rise of print media contribute to in the rise of nationalism?

• Simultaneity: everyone reading the same thing at the same time 

  • Print media being written in many languages allowing this to happen

According to Olzak (1989), do strikes directly cause ethnic conflict?

• No

  • It can also be immigration, economy, lack of resources and wealth, which could create tension and fewer jobs, and has used race as a scapegoat

According to Fearon and Laitin—summarized by Bass (2006)—does ethnic diversity cause civil war?

• No, not mainly 

  • It could also be religious reasons, poverty, political differences, weak states, low income per capita, rough terrain allowing rebels and an opportunity for rebellion

Brubaker (2002) says we should avoid a "coding bias" in the "ethnic direction" when analyzing conflict. What is his warning to us?

• To avoid seeing every conflict as ethnic 

  • We are biased to see it that way, but it is often not the case

According to Herrera & Kydd (2024), do opponents need to agree on a share history to reconcile?

• No

  • Think of tit for tat, if you acknowledge it it becomes more of a problem so it's better to agree to disagree, establish a mutual understanding of the different perspectives of the conflict

As we see in Manda Bala and Tantura, what might Tilly suggest about the relationship between violence and statebuilding?

• States are founded on and maintained through violence 

  • All states have violent foundations and are maintained through coercion

What was the primary goal of US Indian boarding schools, according to Grinde (2004)?

• Assimilation

  • Particularly into dominant white culture, “save the child, get rid of the indian”

  • Cultural erasure by ridding them of ethnic clothing, discouraging cultural beliefs

What is Tilly's one-word answer to the question of how states form?

War

What kind of democracy is one that has some democratic institutions but maintains the dominance of one ethnic group?

Ethnic democracy

What are the two "racial institutional orders" that have battled each other throughout American history (King & Smith 2005) and that we see in 12 Years a Slave?

White supremacist and transformative egalitarian

Street Fight provides examples of political actors using inducements administered through brokers to secure votes, illustrating which concept as described by Mares & Young (2004)?

• Clientelism

  • Buy votes, pressure people to vote

  • Patron, broker, and clients (voters)

What are the two types of inducements?

• Positive inducements 

  • Giving someone something to get them to do an action (like offering then money to vote)

• Negative inducements 

  • Threatening people by saying you won’t hurt them in some way if they vote the way you want them to

What is the difference between genocides and politicides according to Harff & Gurr (1988), and what do we see in The Act of Killing?

• The type of group targeted

• We potentially see both in the film

Sidanius & Pratto (1999) claim that surplus-producing societies all share which three hierarchical structures?

• Age 

• Sex

• Arbitrary set (socially constructed label)

  • Can include ethnicity, religion, nation, etc.

As we see in 12 Years a Slave, how can oppression be described as a "cooperative game" Sidanius & Pratto (1999)?

• Both oppressed and dominant groups are involved in maintaining oppression 

• Example from movie: Solomon slashes Patesy

Why do gangs, like the ones we see in Manda Bala, want to govern, according to Blattman et al.?

To protect their business, protection as a business, and intrinsic rewards like loyalty

Do King & Smith (2005) argue that every political actor in America must take an explicit stance on racial issues?

• No 

  • But they will still align with one of the two orders

  • Depending on the politics they are involved with, they could still be aligned with a stance that might not personally be aligned with their own.

    • By default, you are either choosing one or the other

Why does Barbara Fields compare race to witchcraft?

• Using an excuse to explain something that's happening 

  • Explaining that race is an intrinsic characteristic because racism exists 

  • Explains away something that happens in the world 

• Social construct