ASSIGNMENT ANSWERS

Motivation

A hypothetical internal process that provides energy for behavior and directs it toward a specific goal.

Intrinsic Motivation

Motivation stemming from internal rewards, such as personal satisfaction.

Extrinsic Motivation

Motivation driven by external rewards, like money or recognition.

Inborn Motives

Innate motives including hunger, thirst, elimination, and sleep.

Acquired Motives

Learned motives through social experiences, such as the need for achievement, affiliation, power, and aggressiveness.

Motivation Cycle

A continuous process where unmet needs drive behaviors, leading to fulfillment or non-fulfillment, influencing future behaviors.

Need

An unmet requirement that creates a state of tension, prompting action.

Drive

The tension that motivates an individual to seek fulfillment of a need.

Goal-Oriented Behavior

Specific actions taken to achieve a goal, such as seeking water when thirsty.

Fulfillment/Non-Fulfillment

The outcome of whether a need is satisfied or remains unmet, affecting future behavior.

Emotions

Intricate psychological states involving physiological responses, subjective experiences, and behavioral expressions.

Physiological Response

Internal bodily changes associated with emotions, like increased heart rate.

Subjective Experience

The personal feeling or affect uniquely experienced by an individual.

Behavioral or Expressive Response

Outward expressions of emotion, including facial expressions and body language.

Attitude

An individual's perception and evaluation of objects, people, or situations.

ABC Components of Attitude

The three components of attitude:Affective (feelings), Behavioral (actions), and Cognitive (thoughts).

Persuasion

An approach to influence attitudes using arguments or information.

Cognitive Dissonance

The discomfort experienced when holding conflicting attitudes or beliefs, motivating attitude change.

Social Influence

The impact of social norms, peer pressure, or authority figures on attitude change.

Self-concept

A collection of beliefs an individual holds about themselves, including abilities, personality, and values.

Personality

Unique and enduring patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that characterize an individual.

Socialization

The lifelong process of acquiring knowledge, skills, values, norms, and behaviors appropriate within a society.

Family

The primary agent of socialization, shaping a child's understanding of acceptable behaviors and values.

School

A formal setting for learning that also contributes to socialization through interactions with peers and authority figures.

Friends/Peers

Influential groups that help individuals practice social skills and navigate social norms.

Culture

Shared values, beliefs, customs, and behaviors that shape individual identities and social interactions.