Maternal-Child Nursing Practice Flashcards

Flashcards covering maternal-child nursing concepts including pregnancy stages, labor complications, neonatal care, and pediatric conditions based on lecture notes.

Presumptive Signs of Pregnancy

Subjective manifestations of pregnancy including fatigue, nausea/vomiting (N/V), urinary frequency, and quickening.

Gravidity

The term used to refer to the total number of pregnancies.

Pregnancy Cardiac Output Increase

During pregnancy, the cardiac output increases by $30\%-50\%$.

Group B Streptococcus (GBS)

An infection screened via vaginal and rectal cultures at $36.0-37.6$ weeks gestation; it is treated with Penicillin G or Ampicillin.

Tdap Vaccine

A vaccine given to mothers at $27-35$ weeks to protect the newborn against whooping cough.

Maternal Serum Alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP)

A screening conducted at $15-22$ weeks; low levels suggest Down syndrome risk while high levels suggest Neural Tube Defect (NTD) risk.

Elevated Estrogen Levels

The cause of increased vascularity and proliferation of connective tissue during pregnancy, leading to gingivitis, nasal stuffiness, and epistaxis.

Gestational Hypertension Signs

Danger signs including blurred vision, epigastric pain, face/hand edema, and severe headache.

Normal Fetal Heart Tones (FHT)

A reassuring fetal heart rate usually ranging between $110-160\,bpm$.

Supine Vena Cava Syndrome Intervention

Placing the patient on their left lateral side or in Semi-Fowlers position to relieve pressure.

Diaphragm Use

A contraceptive device that must be left in place for at least $6\,hrs$ after intercourse, but no more than $24\,hrs$.

Gestational Diabetes Diagnosis

Requires two elevated blood-glucose readings.

Placenta Previa

A condition characterized by painless, bright red vaginal bleeding in the third trimester ($28$ weeks) with a reassuring fetal heart rate.

Methotrexate and Folic Acid

Patients prescribed Methotrexate for unruptured, nontoxic ectopic pregnancy must stop taking vitamins containing $Folic\,Acid$.

Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (GTD)

Also known as a 'Molar pregnancy,' signs include abnormally high hCG levels, excessive vomiting, dark brown scant vaginal bleeding, and a fundal height (e.g., $16\,cm$ at $10$ weeks) greater than expected for gestational age.

Lecithin/sphingomyelin ($L/S$) Ratio

A test of amniotic fluid used to determine fetal lung maturity.

Biophysical Profile (BPP) Variables

Five variables used to check fetal well-being: Fetal Heart Rate (FHR), fetal breathing movements, gross body movements, fetal tone, and qualitative amniotic fluid volume.

Nonstress Test (NST)

A noninvasive procedure that monitors the response of the Fetal Heart Rate (FHR) to fetal movement.

Supine Hypotensive Syndrome

A condition occuring when a pregnant patient is in the supine position and presents as pale, diaphoretic, and dizzy; it is managed by turning the patient on their left lateral side.

GBS Newborn Complications

Potential neonatal issues including sepsis, pneumonia, respiratory distress, and meningitis.

Syphilis Stages

Primary Stage-painless chancre; Secondary Stage-rash on palms and soles of feet; Tertiary Stage-internal organ damage, blindness, and muscle coordination difficulty.

Ophthalmia Neonatorum Prophylaxis

Erythromycin ophthalmic ointment given at birth to prevent blindness from Gonorrhea and Chlamydia.

STIs Contraindicated Medications

Medications like Doxycycline, Tetracycline, Levofloxacin, and oral antifungals (Diflucan) that should not be used in pregnancy.

Betamethasone

A medication given in preterm labor to enhance fetal lung maturity.

Magnesium Sulfate Toxicity

Signs include loss of deep tendon reflexes (DTR), decreased urinary output (UOP), respiratory depression, severe hypotension, and chest pain (CP).

Magnesium Sulfate Antidote

Calcium Gluconate or Calcium Chloride.

Terbutaline Contraindications

A tocolytic that should not be given to patients with a history of cardiac disease, diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, hyperthyroidism, or hemorrhage.

Variable Decelerations

Fetal heart rate patterns caused by umbilical cord compression, prolapsed cord, or nuchal cord.

LION Intervention

Nursing actions for late decelerations: Left side-lying, IV insertion/fluids, Oxygen (and d/c Oxytocin), and Notify HCP.

Latent Phase of Labor

The phase characterized by $0-5\,cm$ cervical dilation, contractions every $5-30$ minutes, and the patient's ability to talk and walk.

Pulmonary Embolism (Postpartum)

A complication presenting with dizziness, shortness of breath (SOB), and chest pain (CP) with inspiration.

Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH) Definition

Blood loss exceeding $500\,mL$ after a vaginal delivery or $1000\,mL$ after a Cesarean birth.

Inversion of Uterus

A medical emergency characterized by sudden lower abdominal pain, dizziness, paleness, and a large, red, rounded mass protruding from the vagina.

Normal Newborn Core Temperature

Temperature range of $97.7-99.5^{\circ}F$ ($36.5-37.5^{\circ}C$).

Meconium-stained Amniotic Fluid

Amniotic fluid that appears green in color, posing a risk of aspiration and respiratory distress to the fetus.

Abruptio Placentae

A condition presented by severe localized lower abdominal pain and dark red vaginal bleeding, often necessitating immediate birth.

Kleihauer-Betke Test

A blood test used to confirm the presence of fetal blood in the maternal circulation.

HELLP Syndrome

A severe complication of pregnancy characterized by Hemolysis (H), Elevated Liver enzymes (EL), and Low Platelets (LP).

Uterine Atony

The number one cause of postpartum hemorrhage; managed initially with fundal massage.

AVA (Umbilical Vasculature)

The three vessels of the umbilical cord: $2$ arteries and $1$ vein.

Newborn Cardiovascular Shunts

The Ductus Arteriosus, Ductus Venosus, and Foramen Ovale, which close during the transition to extrauterine life.

Caput Succedaneum

Localized swelling of the soft tissues of the scalp that crosses the suture line.

Normal Newborn Glucose Level

Glucose levels between $40-45\,mg/dL$.

Tracheoesophageal Fistula (TEF)

A condition in a newborn suggested by excessive drooling, gagging, coughing, and cyanosis during feedings.

Kawasaki Disease

A pediatric condition characterized by a 'strawberry tongue,' red eyes without drainage, and red mucous membranes; treated with Gamma Globulin.

Intussusception

A condition marked by the sudden onset of abdominal pain, screaming with knees drawn up, and 'red jelly' stools.

Acute Glomerulonephritis

A condition characterized by facial edema that is worse in the morning and spreads to the extremities and abdomen.

Gowers Sign

A clinical sign indicative of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.

Acetaminophen Poisoning Antidote

Mucomyst (N-acetylcysteine).