Lecture 5: innate immune response

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21 Terms

1
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innate immune system

nonspecific “prepared” immune response that animal was born with, occurs in similar way no matter which agent is encountered

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what are the types of innate immune responses

  • watery fluid production by membranes → “serous”

  • mucus production → “catarrhal”

  • neutrophils → “suppurative” “purulent” “abscess”

  • macrophages → “histiocytic” “granulomatous”

  • misc: eosinophls/basophils/mast cells. natural killer (NK) cells

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transudate

clear to red watery fluid (fluid leakage from vessels)

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exudate

inflammatory cells, fibrin, and fluid (occurs due to inflammation)

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what are the 2 transudate responses

serous and catarrhal responses

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what is serous transudate

  • occurs in early viral infection and in response to environmental irritants

  • increase fluid production by vascular leakage or lining glandular cells

  • creates flushing effect for microorganisms (runny eyes/nose)

  • looks crusty in animals

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what is the catarrhal response

  • an increase in mucus production

  • mucus is produced by goblet cells embedded in epithelial surfaces, coats over surface

  • can become excessive in some disease situations

  • respiratory tract and intestinal tract

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what are the exudate responses

fibrinous inflammation, suppurative/purulent inflammation

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what is fibrinous inflammation 

clotting protein (fibrin) leakage from vessels coats tissue surfaces

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what is suppurative/purulent inflammation

  • responds to bacteria, fungi, foreign matter

  • attracted by chemical mediators to damaged tissues

  • travel to site via blood

  • leave vesseks by extravasation

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how does suppurative/purulent inflammation work in tissue

  • enzymes either target internal digestive chambers (phagosomes) or can dump into environment (degranulation) → liquefy agents and innocent cells

  • main enzyme = myeloperoxidase

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what is the “bystander effect” of neutrophils

destroys healthy tissues in the process of iliciting an immune response

13
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what is the only molecule pus will be made by

neutrophils

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what are abscesses

localized collection of pus (mass lesion of suppuration or degenerative neutrophils

15
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histiocytic/granulomatous cell response

  • cell types: monocytes (in blood) become

  • macrophages/histiocytes in tissues

  • cells are phagocytic 

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what does phagocytic mean

eat material around them

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what does granulomatous mean

formation of mass lesion comprised of responding macrophages, etiologic agents found near center of “target” lesion

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what are multinucleated giant cells (MNGC)

  • fusion of multiple macrophages

  • response to foreign body or chronic infections

  • ex: TB

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what are eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells

  • in response to allergic and parasitic disease

  • the cells release histamine and heparin → tissue swelling

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what are natural killer (NK) cells

  • respond to: virally-infectious cells, cancer cells

  • specialized lymphocytes that kill through formation of perforin pore through cell membranes

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Kurloff cell

  • natural killer cells (direct cytotoxic function)

  • only found in capybaras and guinea pigs