Module 1.3 Review: Protein Synthesis

FALSE

A gene is the unit of heredity, composed of RNA, that is passed from parent to offspring.

TRUE

The precise sequence of the genetic information is called the genotype.

TRUE

The observable characteristics resulting from the genotype are known as the phenotype.

FALSE

Proteins are unnecessary for biochemical reactions in human life.

TRUE

Genes serve as the instruction manual needed to construct a protein.

TRUE

Gene expression is the process through which an individual’s unique DNA directs the synthesis of proteins.

FALSE

Gene expression for proteins occurs in a single step called transcription.

TRUE

Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from DNA

TRUE

Messenger RNA (mRNA) is synthesized from a complementary DNA strand.

TRUE

mRNA carries information to ribosomes, which use it to build proteins.

TRUE

The central flow of genetic information in eukaryotic cells is DNA—>RNA—>Protein.

primary

The _____ conformation of a protein consists of amino acids linked together to form a polypeptide chain.

triplet

Only four nucleotide bases (A, T, G, C) encode for 20 different amino acids because bases are read in a _____ code.

non-overlapping

A triplet code is a _________ reading frame in which three bases encode for one amino acid.

61

Of the 64 possible triplet codes, _____ encode for amino acids and 3 encode for a stop signal.

UAA, UAG, UGA

The stop codons are, _____.

AUG, methionine (Met)

The only start codon is _____, which also encodes for the amino acid _____.

enzymes

Many polypeptides begin with this amino acid (AUG), but specialized ______ can remove it if unnecessary.

reading

The ______ frame is the phase in which successive nucleotides form codons.

AUG

The reading frame is typically designated by the start codon _____.

detrimental

An incorrect reading frame can be _______ because the wrong amino acid may be added to the sequence.