The path to the Restoration

When was the Rump recalled?

Dec 1659 - Feb 1660

Who were dismissed by the Rump?

Desborough, Lambert and Fleetwood

Who was made commander in chief?

Monck

What did the recall of the Rump show?

The deep unpopularity of the army rule

What did the Rump do once they got into power again?

Instead of tackling England’s issues, the decided to punish the army by purging them

How did the Rump purge the army?

Half of the serving officers were removed and the appointment of the new ones were chosen through nepotism and corruption

How did the army purge impact the Rump’s reputation?

It grew their unpopularity as merchants refused to pay taxes and they lost their integrity

How did the Rump try to curve Monck’s influence?

• They gave him the role of policing London; he managed to bring order to London and he refused to withdraw from politics by making the Rump confirm that they wouldn’t sit beyond May 1660;

• He also outmanoeuvred the MPs who claimed that the Rump was now sovereign power by forcing the House to readmit the members of Pride's purge

When was the Long Parliament restored?

Feb - March 1660

What was the result of the returning MPs who were excluded by Pride’s Purge?

• It altered the political balance - large group against Haselrig’s republican faction

• They represented a link to the old constitution - this made restoration more likely

• The first steps were to exclude committed republicans from its rank and files such as Lambert

Why did Monck have to be careful when recalling the long parliament?

He didn’t want it to look like he wanted to restore the monarchy as he presented himself as a moderate who would accept responsible opinions

What did Monck persuade parliament to do?

He made them confirm that he’d stay as commander in chief, to appoint a new council of state and then preparations for elections for a new parliament

What was evidence of a push for royal restoration?

The appointment of Edward Montague, a former Cromwellian who then became a royalist, to commander of the fleet - this meant that two leading military commanders favoured Charles 2 return

When did Monck begin coordinating a return of Charles II?

July 1660

Who supported Mock and the republican cause at the end?

The majority of the army

What happened in the elections of the new parliament?

Many people voted for royalists which was good for Monck as he had to try to beat the republican militancy

What was the new Parliament called?

The Convention Parliament

When did the Convention Parliament sit?

April to May 1660

What did the House of Lords do once the convention parliament sat?

They considered the terms of restoration which Charles originally offered in his Declaration of Breda on 4th April

What did Charles lack of action show?

That he wasn’t tyrannically taking England back

What was promised to Charles and what were the terms?

He was promised a general pardon and religious toleration and accepted the right of Parliament to decide the disputed over property entitlement and the arrears of pay

What did both Houses accept about the Declaration?

That it was the new constitution

When was England declared as no longer a republic? Where did govt reside?

8th May 1660

When did Charles arrive with Monck in England?

29th May 1660

What symbolised the end of the republican cause?

Charles entrance, the execution of the regicides and Cromwell’s body was publicly hanged, the interregnum was regarded as an aberration