Human Anatomy Exam 3

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

What specific tissue type is characteristic of the epidermis?

stomach

What digestive organ is found between the esophagus and the small intestine?

tongue

highly muscularized

taste-special senses

digestion- initial, mechanical, chemical

speech

lingual papillae

a variety of types on the tongue

lingual franulum

tether that keeps our tongue in place so we dont swallow it.

clinical: ankyloglossia (being tongue tied)

intrinsic

_____ salivary glands are found on the tongue

32, 20

adults have ___ permanent teeth

baby/toddler has ___ deciduous (baby) teeth

incisors, premolars, molars

teeth:

2 ___

1 canine

2 ____ (bicuspids)

3 ____ (adults)

wisdom tooth

2. 1. 2. 3 of homosapiens

tooth enamel

hard hydroxyapatite

dentin

firm, supportive, inorganic and organic throughout all levels of the teeth

cementum

anchors the root of a tooth into its socket

peridontal

____________ ligaments = gomphosis

gums

gingiva= _____

pulp cavity and root canal

what part of the toot contains pulp, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics

saliva

what substance contains H2O, digestive enzymes, lysozymes, mucus, and opiorphin

parotid, submandibular, sublingual

what are the 3 extrinsic salivary glands:

____ glands & ducts,

____ glands,

____ glands

parotid gland and duct

what extrinsic gland is located anterior to the ear,

along ramus of mandible; its duct runs along masseter muscle and pierces buccinator muscle, open across from 2nd maxillary muscle

mumps

what is the clinical disease connected to the parotid gland

submandibular gland and ducts

what extrinsic gland lies under the medial body of mandible, ducts open on floor of oral cavity, adjacent to lingual frenulum

sublingual gland and smaller ducts

what extrinsic gland lies along inferior tongue

palate, breathe, nurse

anterior hard palate (maxilla)- palatine bone. separates oral and nasal cavity.

allows mammals to ____ and chew/___ at the same time

cleft palate and lip

what is the clinical complication with palates

pharynx

what is apart of the respiratory and digestive systems and is posterior to oral cavity. Has 3 parts.

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

list in order from most superior to inferior the 3 parts of the pharynx

lower esophageal sphincter

what controls opening into the stomach

heartburn/acid reflex and gastroesophageal reflux disease

what is the clinical problem with the lower esophageal sphincter

abdominopelvic cavity

space where viscera are found

peritoneum

serous membrane of abdominopelvic cavity that is double layered, epithelial tissue lining, produces serous fluid

parietal

_________ peritoneum: 2 layers
lines the posterior cavity

retroperitoneal

when an organ is held against posterior wall of cavity: an example is the kidneys

visceral

_________ peritoneum= serosa: intra peritoneal

mesenteries

____________-layer sheets of peritoneum: encloses blood vessels, adipose connective tissue, nervous tissue endocrine cells

greater omentum

mesentery that drapes down from greater curvature of the stomach, covers majority of small intestine

visceral peritoneum

The serosa that covers much of the digestive tract is part of the visceral ________________ of the abdominopelvic cavity.

nasopharynx

Which region of the pharynx is lined with ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

lesser omentum

mesentery that lies between the base of liver and lesser curvature of stomach

mesentary proper

which mesentery cover all of the small intestine

LU, pancreas, spleen, bolus, gastric rugar

Stomach: lies in the ___Q
anterior to ________ and ________
receives ________ from esophagus
lining of stomach= ________ (wrinkles)

gastric rugae

lining of stomach (wrinkles)

gastric juice, chyme

gastric glands --> _______
bolus --> __________

2-4 hours, mechanical and chemical

how long does it take to turn bolus to chyme? what kind of digestion takes place?

chyme

acidic soupy mix that enters the small intestine from the stomach

chief, pepsin

__ cells produce digestive enzymes (ex: ___)

HCL (acid)

PARIETAL cells produce __

endocrine

__ cells produce hormones (ex: GASTRIN)

columnar, gastric, gastric juice

Mucosa:
simple ___________ epithelium
find ___________ pits and glands the produce "__________ _______"

mucin

mucous neck cells produce ________

3-4 L

a 1L bolus when churned with gastric juice produces how many L of chyme

pyloric orifice, absorption, duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Small Intestine: 2-8m= 20ft/ Present in all quadrants/ receives chyme from _________.
functions: continued digestion, ________ of nutrients from chyme
3 sections: __________, _________, __________

duodenum

what part of the small intestine is a short, u shape that receives chyme from the stomach, bile from liver and gallbladder, and pancreatic juice from pancreas. Glands secrete more mucin

jejenum

what part of the small intestine contains mucosa

ileum

what part of the small intestine contains pyers patches and is the longest of the 3 sections

duodenum

Which region of the small intestine is the first to receive chyme from the stomach?

simple columnar epithelium

What type of epithelium is characteristic of the mucosa of the small intestine?

pyres patches

lymphatic nodules=

blood vessels, lipids

________ pickup nutrients and lacteals pickup __________

brush border

microvilli form the ____ of the mucosa

6,8, 16, H2O, absorption, compaction

Large Intestine:
___-___ hours from ingestion to enter cecum
In large intestine for ___hrs to several days
Functions: _______ and mineral __________
____________= feces formation

cecum

processed matter (processed chyme) from ileum via ileocecal valve.

pouch

cecum:

____- good bacteria', fermentation, plant matter, lymphatic tissue

appendix

cecum:

____- lymphatic function

clinical: appendicitis

appendix

what comes off of the cecum

appendicitis, Mcburney’s point

what is the clinical diagnosis and landmark of the appendix

tenia coli

what are the ribbons of muscle on the colon

ascending, sigmoid

Colon:

_____ → transverse → descending → ____

omental appendages

fatty tags on the colon

colonoscopy

clinical diagnosis of colon

sigmoid, stretch receptors, rectal valves

Rectum: receives feces from _________ colon
___________ ___________= signal nervous system urge to defecate
_________ __________= control and allow gas to pass

hemorrhoidal, hemorrhoids, mucous production, nonkeratinized epithelium, internal anal sphincter, constipation

Anal Canal:
Along walls entering anal region
_________ veins
clinical: ____________
anal columns and sinuses= more __________ __________
return to a ____________ stratified squamous ____________
_________ ________ ___________= smooth muscle and exterior anal sphincter= __________ muscle
clinical: _____________

RU, LU, diaphragm, thoracic, vascularized, largest, bile, vitamins, minerals, synthesis

Liver: Mostly in ____Q and partially in ____Q
inferior to _____________, protected partly by _____________ cage
highly __________
__________ gland
Functions: produces ________, detoxification, storage of ___________ and ___________, protein _____________

hepatic lobule

structural functional unit of liver and is made up of hepatocyte

cirrhosis of the liver

clinical diagnosis of liver

gallbladder

accessory to liver collects and concentrates bile

common bile, gallstones

___________ duct: through head of pancreas, joins pancreatic duct, into duodenum
clinical: ____

non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

What type of epithelium lines the last region of the large intestine?

lacteals

What are the lymphatic vessels that absorb dietary fats (lipids) from within the intestinal villi of the small intestine?

pancreas, pancreatic juice, retroperitoneal, gallstones

_____:

both an endocrine and exocrine gland
__________: H2O, digestive enzymes, bicarbonate
mostly ________ in LUQ

clinical: _____

hormones, space

how the pancreas is endocrine or exocrine:
endocrine- secretes ____ via circulatory system (ex: insuline)

exocrine- secretes product into ___/surface (ex: salivary glands)

gas, homeostasis

what are the functions of the respiratory system:

___ exchange, communication, ____, conduction/filtering air, and smell

bronchioles and alveoli, everything else

respiratory division: includes?
conducting division: includes?

upper and lower

Respiratory system is divided into 2 parts:

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

what kind of histology is in the conducting division? _____ with goblet cells

nasal, trachea

upper respiratory system includes:

____ cavity, pharynx, larynx, ____

external, nares, vestibules, cartilages, vibrissae, nasal septum, perpendicular ethmoid, vomer

Nose and Nasal Cavity:
Features- ___________ nose, ___________, nasal __________, nasal __________, _____________(nose hair)
R and L sides are divided by _____________ ____________
Septum= _______________ plate of __________ bone and _______

palate

what separates the digestive and respiratory system

nasal meatus

__________ = spaces/channels created by conchae

posterior nasal choana

the space that enters into nasopharynx

nasopharynx

which part of the pharynx is lined by nasal mucosa

larynx, epiglottis, thyroid, circoid, glottis

_____________= the "voice box" and receives air from the laryngopharynx
3 large cartilages and smaller paired cartilages : _______________, ______________,_____________
space= _____________

hyaline cartilage

what cartilage is the thyroid and cricoid

trachea

firm tube between larynx and brachial tree

mucociliary escalator

_____________: helps capture and move out debris

R or L main bronchus, lobar bronchi, segmental bronchi

list in order the brachial tree from most medial to lateral

thoracic cage, superior, middle, inferior, superior, inferior, mediastinum, serous

Lungs:
protected by _________
3 Lobes of R lung: __________, _________, __________
2 Lobes of L lung: ___________ and ___________
________________= space between lungs/ post. to sternum
lungs covered with pleura= double layered _________membrane