(Anatomy) Bones of the Upper Limb Diagram | Quizlet

Clavicle

The Collar bone, connects the upper limb to the trunk

Sternal End of Clavicle

Enlarged and triangular

Articulates with the manubrium of the sternum at the sternoclavicular joint

Acromial End of Clavicle

Flat where it articulates with the acromion of the scapula at the acromioclavicular joint

Scapula

Shoulder/ Wing bone

Etymology:
Originally meaning shovels

Coracoid Process

Serves to stabilize the shoulder joint.

Helps to anchor the biceps muscle of the arm

Etymology:
- Corac: like a raven's beak

- Process: a natural appendage/outgrowth

Acromion

Articulates with the acromial end of the clavicle, forms the acromioclavicular joint

Etymology:
- Akros: Highest

- Omos: Shoulder

The highest point in the shoulder

Suprascapular Notch

Supra: above

Suprascapular nerve passes through the notch

Superior transverse scapular ligament passes over the notch and attaches to the base of the coracoid process

Spine of Scapula

Separates the supraspinous fossa from the infraspinous fossa

Supraspinous Fossa

Supra: above

Fossa: a shallow depression or hollow

Gives origin to the supraspinatus muscle

Insertion for levator scapulae ventralis muscle

Infraspinous Fossa

Much larger than the supraspinatus fossa

Gives origin to the infraspinatus muscle

Etymology:
- Infra: below

- Fossa: a shallow depression or hollow

Subscapular Fossa

Gives origin to subscapularis muscle

Insertion for serratus anterior muscle

Etymology:
- Sub: below

- Fossa: a shallow depression or hollow

Glenoid Cavity

Articulates with humerus of the arm, forming the glenohumeral joint

Etymology:
- Glenoid, from the the Greek glene, socket, eyeball, or mirror, and eidus, shape.

Humerus

The only bone of the arm. The largest and longest bone of the upper limb.

Articulates with the scapula, radius and ulna.

Greater Tubercle

Lies lateral to the head of the humerus.

Superior facet provides attachment for supraspinatus muscle

Middle facet provides attachment for infraspinatus muscle

Inferior facet provides attachment for teres minor muscle

Lesser Tubercule

Provides attachment for the subscapularis muscle

Intertubercular Groove

Guides tendon of the (long head of) biceps to its attachment point at the rim of the glenoid cavity.

Latissimus dorsi insertion on floor of intertubercular groove

Anatomical Neck of Humerus

Surgical Neck of Humerus

Named due to it being the most commonly fractured site on the humerus.

Deltoid Tuberosity

Midway down the shaft on the lateral side.

Attachment site for deltoid muscle.

Radial Groove

Runs obliquely down the posterior aspect of the shaft.

Marks course of the radial nerve

Trochlea (Condyle)

Located medially, sideways hourglass

Articulates with the ulna

Capitulum (Condyle)

Located laterally, ball shaped

Articulates with the radius

Medial Epicondyles

Ulnar nerve runs in a groove on the posterior aspect (responsible for the funny bone)

Lateral Epicondyles

Coronoid Fossa

Superior to the trochlea on the anterior surface

Allows coronoid process on the ulnar to move freely

Olecranon Fossa

Superior to the trochlea on the posterior surface

Allows olecranon process on the ulnar to move freely

Radial Fossa

Lateral to the coronoid fossa

Allows movement of the head of the radius

Ulna

Medial bone of the forearm. Articulates with the radius at small radioulnar joints. Connected to the radius via interosseous membrane

Olecranon Process

Grips the trochlea of the humerus with the coronoid process to form a hinge joint

When fully extended, 'locks' into the fossa preventing hyperextension

Trochlear Notch

Where the trochlea fits into

Radial Notch

Lateral to the coronoid process

Articulates with the head of the radius

Styloid Process of Ulna

Attachment point for ligaments that extend to the wrist

Radius

Lateral bone of the forearm. Articulates with the ulnar at small radioulnar joints. Connected to the ulnar via interosseous membrane

Radial Tuberosity

Serves to anchor the biceps muscle

Ulnar Notch

Distal end (towards the hands), articulates with the ulnar

Styloid Process of Radius

Anchoring sites for ligaments that extend to the wrist

Carpus

The proximal end of our 'hand'. This is the true wrist

8 sets of bone in 2 rows by 4 columns

Carpals

The 8 short bones which are located in the carpus

Scaphoid

A large carpal bone articulating with the radius below the thumb

Etymology:
Skaphos: meaning boat

Lunate

The bone immediately medial to the scaphoid. Connects to the radius

Etymology:
Luna: moon

Triquetral

The third bone in the proximal row counting from the lateral side. Articulates with the lunate, hamate and pisiform

Etymology:
Triquetrus: three cornered

Pisiform

The bone in the proximal row that is the most medial

Etymology:
- Pisum: pea

- Forma: shaped

Trapezium

The distal bone immediately below the thumb.

Etymology:
- Trapeza: table

Trapezoid

The bone immediately medial to trapezium. Articulates with the index finger metacarpal.

Etymology:
- Trapeza: table

Capitate

The largest carpal bone that articulates with the third metacarpal

Etymology:
- Capit: head

Hamate

Situated on the lower outside edge of the hand. It has a hook-shaped projection on the palmar side to which muscles of the little finger are attached.

Etymology:
- Hamus: hook

Metacarpus

The palm of the hand. The bones are numbered 1-5 from medial to lateral. The bases articulate with the carpals and each other laterally.

The head are the knuckles when you clench your fists.

Phalanges

The fingers of the hand. Numbered 1-5 from medial to lateral.

Sans the thumb, each finger has 3 phalanges: distal, middle and proximal.

The thumb has no middle phalanx.