Microbiology: Eukaryotes, Protozoa, Helminths, Fungi, and Algae

Flashcards based on the provided lecture notes on Microbiology, focusing on Eukaryotes, Protozoa, Helminths, Fungi, and Algae.

What is a trophozoite?

Feeding and growing portion of protozoa life cycle.

What is a cyst?

Dormant stage of protozoa life cycle (not always present).

What is the plasmalemma?

Plasma membrane of a protozoan.

What is the pellicle?

Extra-membranous protein layer for added rigidity in protozoa.

What is the ectoplasm?

Outermost cytoplasmic layer in protozoa; gel-like.

What is the endoplasm?

Innermost cytoplasmic layer in protozoa; fluid-like.

What is the cytostome?

Structure in protozoa used for taking in food via phagocytosis.

What is the cytoproct?

Structure in protozoa used for excreting wastes by exocytosis.

What is a contractile vacuole?

Structure in protozoa that moves water out of the cell for osmotic regulation.

What are Amoebozoa?

Protozoa that move by pseudopodia.

What are apicomplexans?

Non-motile intra or extracellular parasitic protozoa (e.g., Plasmodium, Toxoplasma).

What are ciliates?

Protozoa that move by cilia (e.g., Balantidium).

What are euglenoids?

Protozoa that move by flagella (e.g., Trypanosoma).

How are parasitic helminths identified?

Microscopic eggs and larvae

What are Nematoda?

Roundworms

What are Platyhelminthes?

Flatworms

What are Trematodes?

Flukes

What are Cestodes?

Tapeworms

What are saprobes?

Fungi that consume dead, decaying matter.

What are hyphae?

Filaments that extend from the fungal body.

What is mycelium?

Tangled network of hyphae.

What is thallus?

Body of fungi

What are dimorphic fungi?

Fungi that can exist in mold and yeast forms (e.g., Histoplasma capsulatum).

What is Histoplasma capsulatum?

Grows in soil exposed to bird or bat feces, causes histoplasmosis.

What are brown algae (kelp)?

Macroscopic algae that produces algin.

What are red algae?

Algae with red pigments, grows in deep ocean, produces agar.

What are green algae?

Algae most similar to plants, forms grass scum in ponds.

What are diatoms?

Unicellular algae with cell walls of pectin and silica that produce oil.

What are dinoflagellates?

Unicellular plankton responsible for red tide and some neurotoxins.

What are Oomycota?

Water molds that form a cottony mass on dead algae and animals.