DNA and RNA Structure

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic Acid; a double helix structure made up of nucleotides that stores genetic information.

RNA

Ribonucleic Acid; a single-stranded structure made up of nucleotides that plays key roles in protein synthesis.

Double Helix

The structure of DNA, consisting of two intertwined strands of nucleotides.

Nucleotide

The building block of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base.

Deoxyribose

The sugar found in DNA nucleotides.

Ribose

The sugar found in RNA nucleotides.

Nitrogenous Bases

The components of DNA and RNA that carry genetic information; include Adenine, Thymine (in DNA), Uracil (in RNA), Cytosine, and Guanine.

Base Pairing Rules

Determine how nitrogenous bases pair in nucleic acids: A pairs with T (DNA), A pairs with U (RNA), C pairs with G.

Adenine (A)

A nitrogenous base that pairs with Thymine (in DNA) or Uracil (in RNA).

Thymine (T)

A nitrogenous base found only in DNA that pairs with Adenine.

Uracil (U)

A nitrogenous base found only in RNA that pairs with Adenine.

Cytosine (C)

A nitrogenous base that pairs with Guanine in both DNA and RNA.

Guanine (G)

A nitrogenous base that pairs with Cytosine in both DNA and RNA.

Location of DNA

Primarily found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells.

Function of DNA

Stores genetic information and provides instructions for protein synthesis.

Function of RNA

Involved in protein synthesis and gene expression, with types including mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA.