Botany Exam 2

What are the three groups of Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms)?

Basal angiosperms, monocots, and Eudicots

What are the seeds of monocots like?

Single cotyledon

What are the leaves of monocots like?

Parallel veins

What are the flowers of monocots usually like?

Parts often in multiples of 3

What are woody plants?

Plants that produce wood as its structural tissue; mainly perennials

What is the stem of woody plants like?

Strong, covered with a bark

What are the tallest and largest plants on earth?

Woody plants

What are herbaceous plants?

Plants that have no persistent woody stem above the ground; annuals, biennials, or perennials

What are the stems of herbaceous plants like?

Flexible, stays green

What is the size of herbaceous plants like?

Comparatively short and small

What all share a basic, simple organization?

Stems, leaves, and roots

What three classes do all plant cells belong to based on the nature of their cell wall?

Parenchyma, Collenchyma, and Sclerenchyma

What is the most abundant cell type that is in almost all major plant parts?

Parenchyma

What is the structure of parenchyma cells like?

New cells are spherical; older, crowded cells

What are the older, crowded cells in parenchyma like?

Flattened walls with many sides, large vacuoles, some have starch grains, oils, tannins, crystals, various secretions

What does metabolically active mean?

Able to produce energy and make products for the plant it needs; most will remain alive after they mature because they are needed to keep producing

What are some reasons Parenchyma could be so common?

Cheapest to build, cheapest to maintain, easiest to maintain flexibility

What do Parenchyma have between cells?

Spaces

Which Parenchyma plants have extensive spaces between cells?

Aquatic plants

What is the network that aquatic plants form throughout called?

Aerenchyma

How long may a mature parenchyma live?

Over 100 years (ex. cacti)

When do mature parenchyma divide?

Long after production from a meristem

What characterizes the specialized parenchyma chlorenchyma?

Contain my chloroplasts in leaves, are photosynthetic

What is the function of chlorenchyma’s many choloroplasts in leaves?

Photosynthesis

What are parenchyma tissues without chloroplasts?

Soft, edible parts of fruits and vegetables

What is the function of parenchyma tissues without chloroplasts?

Food, water, storage

What are chlorenchyma cells?

Photosynthetic parenchyma cells

What happens in chlorenchyma cells?

Thin walls allow light and carbon dioxide to pass through to the chloroplast

What are pigmented walls classified as?

Parenchyma

What kind of specialized cells are glandular cells?

Parenchyma

What do glandular cells secrete?

Nectar, fragrances, mucilage, resins, oils

What kind of specialized cell are transfer cells?

Parenchyma

What do transfer cells do?

Mediate short-distance transport of material

What do transfer cells use to transport?

Large, extensive plasma membrane with numerous molecular pumps

What kind of specialized cell is phloem?

Parenchyma

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