AP Human Unit 2 Quiz 1

Agricultural Population Density

Number of farmers per square mile of arable land; shows amount of economic development of an area

Anti-natalist policies

Policies that discourage having children

Arable

Used or suitable for growing crops

Arithmetic Population Density

Total population over area in square miles; shows amount of people per land but not distibrution

Baby Boom

A spike in birth rates, usually occur after a war or conflict

Baby Bust

Occur after baby booms, birth rates are lower until the baby boomers reach childbearing age

Birth deficit

Slowdown of births, usually occurs during a war or conflict

Boserup theory

Population change drives the intensity of agricultural production

Carrying Capacity

The most amount of people who can live in an area without damaging the environment

Cohort

The vertical axis that shows age groups on a population pyramid

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

Births per 1000 people

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

Deaths per 1000 people

Demographic Balancing Equation

Used to describe the future population of a region of any scale -

Future Population = Current Population + (number of births - number of deaths) + (number of immigrants - number of emigrants)

Demographic Momentum

The tendency for growing populations to continue growing after a fertility decline because of their young age distribution

Demographic Transition Model

Refers to historical shift from high birth rates to low birth rates, 4 confirmed stages and 1 theoretical stage

Dependency Ratio

Measure of the number of people who are not of working age relative to the number of people who are of working age.

Dependent Population

People under the age of 15 or over the age of 64

Echo

The increase an population resulting after a baby boom generation births children

Emigrants

A person who leaves a country to live permanently in a new one

Epidemiological Transition Model

This model describes changing patterns of population distributions in relation to changing patterns of mortality, fertility, life expectancy, and leading causes of death, there are 3 stages

Immigrants

People who join a new country to live there permanently

Infant Mortality Rate

The number of infant deaths per every 1000 successful births

Infrastructure

Facilities and structures that allow people to carry out their typical activities

Life Expectancy

A measure of the average length of time a person is expected to live

Malthusian Theory

A concept that predicts that population growth will outstrip food supply and cause misery

Midlatitudes

The area of the earth in between the Tropic of Cancer and Artic Circle as well as in between the Tropic of Capricorn and the Antarctic Circle

Neo-Malthusians

People who advocate for strict control of population to not deplete the world’s limited resources

Overpopulation

When a region has more population than it can support

Physiological Population Density

Shows amount of people per square mile of arable land over an area; shows if a country is an DC, or LDC, based on the high or low density

Population Density

The measure of average population per square mile or kilometer of an area

Population Distribution

The pattern of human settlement; the spread of people across the earth

Population Doubling Time

A statistic that will tell you how long a country will take to double its population given its current RNI. The formula for this is 70/RNI

Population Pyramid

Also called an age-sex composition graph, it is one of the most useful tools to study population

Potential Workforce

People in a country aged 15-64

Pronatalist Policies

Policies from the government that encourage people to have children

Rate of Natural Increase (RNI)

The rate at which a country’s population is growing or declining, without the impact of migration, the formula is (CBR-CDR)/10 and then you add a percentage sign

Redistricting

Boundary adjustments on electoral districts due to continued increase in population in urban areas and decrease in population of rural areas

Social Stratification

The hierarchal division of people into groups based on factors such as economic status, power, and/or ethnicity

Total Fertility Rate

The average number of children who would be born per woman of that group in a country, it assumes that every woman lived through her childbearing years