7.1 Parts of Microscope, Prokaryote/Eukaryote and Cell Theory

magnification

how large microscope can make image

resolution

how sharp/clear microscope can make image

cell theory

all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and cells arise from other cells

eukaryotes

DNA is enclosed by nucleus, lager than prokaryotes

ocular lens magnification

10x

low power objective magnification (WITHOUT OCULAR LENS)

4x

medium power objective magnification (WITHOUT OCULAR LENS)

10x

high power objective magnification (WITHOUT OCULAR LENS)

40x

total magnification of lenses on microscope (ocular is 10x)

40x, 100x, and 400x

all of this cell type have a cell wall

prokaryote

this cell type has no membrane-bound organelles

prokaryote

all of this cell type lack a nucleus (free-floating DNA)

prokaryote

this cell type is larger than the other (eukaryote/prokaryote)

eukaryote

animals, plants, fungi, protists, and some fungi have this cell type

eukaryote

bacteria and archaea have this cell type

prokaryote

image

the thing you see when you look into a microscope

object

the thing that the image is based off when you look into a microscope

what is the orientation of image on microscope

inverted version of object

eyepiece

contains ocular lens

coarse adjustment knob

moves stage for focusing

fine adjustment knob

moves stage more slightly to sharpen image (less than coarse adjustment knob)

body tube

connects eyepiece to nose piece

Nosepiece

holds the low power, medium power, and high power objectives

low power objective

shortest stub on nosepiece, magnification power is 4x

medium power objective

medium length stub on nosepiece, magnification power is 10x

high power objective

longest stub on nosepiece, magnification power is 40x

stage

where you put the specimen on

stage clips

holds specimen in place on stage

Diaphragm

controls amount of light going through specimen and stage and into the objectives

base

the bottom of the microscope that supports everything on top

illuminator

makes light from the bottom to observe the specimen

how to calculate magnification

ocular lens magnification power (usually 10x) * objective magnification power (4x, 10x, or 40x depending on the type)

Field of View (FOV)

how much distance you can see in the microscope, usually 4.5 mm when on low power