Lab #1 Mitosis and cytokinesis

What type of cell division do prokaryotic cells undergo?

Binary fission

Is prokaryotic cell division asexual or sexual?

Asexual reproduction

Why is prokaryotic cell division a quick process?

Due to the absence of a nucleus and fewer chromosomes

What type of cell division do eukaryotic cells undergo?

The Cell Cycle

Why do eukaryotic cells undergo division?

For growth, development, and to repair or replace cells

Why is eukaryotic cell division a longer process?

Because eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and more chromosomes

What is the purpose of Interphase in the eukaryotic cell cycle?

Growth and preparation for division

What is Mitosis?

Nuclear division

What happens during Prophase?

Chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope begins to dissolve

What happens during Metaphase?

Chromosomes line up along the center of the cell

What happens during Anaphase?

Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite ends of the cell

What happens during Telophase?

Nuclear membranes start to form around each set of chromosomes

What is the purpose of Cytokinesis?

Cytoplasmic division, resulting in two daughter cells

How can you tell the difference between animal and plant cell images in models or under a microscope?

Animal cells are circular, while plant cells are square

What happens during Gap 1 (G1) of Interphase?

Cell growth

What occurs during the Synthesis (S) phase of Interphase?

DNA replication

Why is DNA replication during Synthesis important?

It ensures that each daughter cell will have the same amount of genetic material as the original cell

If the original cell has 78 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after division?

Each daughter cell will have 78 chromosomes

What is the purpose of Gap 2 (G2) in Interphase?

It acts as a checkpoint before the cell enters mitosis

What happens to the nuclear envelope and nucleolus during Prophase?

They are no longer visible

What change occurs to chromatin in Prophase?

Chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes

What structure begins to form during Prophase?

Spindle fibers

How can you identify a cell in Prophase under a microscope?

Look for a single cell with a darkly stained nucleus and observe the condensed chromosomes

What happens to chromosomes during Metaphase?

Chromosomes line up across the middle of the cell

What happens to the DNA and nuclear envelope during Telophase?

Two sets of DNA move to opposite poles, and a nuclear envelope re-forms around each set

How does DNA appearance in Telophase compare to Anaphase?

DNA is more condensed in Telophase than in Anaphase

How can you identify Telophase in animal cells under a microscope?

Look for indentations in the cell membrane

How can you identify Telophase in plant cells under a microscope?

Look for a line forming in the middle of the cell

What structure forms during Cytokinesis in animal cells?

Cleavage furrow

What structure forms during Cytokinesis in plant cells?

Cell plate

Is Cytokinesis a phase of Mitosis?

No, Cytokinesis is separate from Mitosis

What does Mitosis involve?

Nuclear division and separation of chromosomes

What does Cytokinesis involve?

The division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells

When does Cytokinesis occur in relation to Mitosis?

After nuclear division in Mitosis

Can Mitosis occur without Cytokinesis? If so, what is the result?

Yes, Mitosis can occur without Cytokinesis, resulting in a cell with two nuclei