BIOL121 Quiz 1

plasma membrane (cell membrane)

Regulates what enters and leaves the cell and separates the internal environment of the cell from the external environment

Cytoplasm

Inside of a cell

Nucleus

A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA (Only in Eukaryote)

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Modifies Proteins and Synthesize lipids

golgi apparatus

modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell

lysosome

Breaks downs proteins lipids and nucleic acids

vesicles/vacuoles

membrane-bound sacs that function in storage and transport

ribosomes

site of protein synthesis

mitochondria

site of ATP (energy) production

peroxisomes

Break down fatty acids and produce hydrogen peroxide

chloroplast

An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs

All cells, regardless of whether they are prokaryotic or eukaryotic contain:

DNA, Plasma Membrane, Cytoplasm, Ribosomes

cell wall

surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms.

capsule

Covers the cell wall in prokaryotes.

Pili

allow bacteria to attach to each other and to transfer DNA

Flagellum

A long, whiplike structure that helps a cell to move

nucleoid region

The region in a prokaryotic cell consisting of a concentrated mass of DNA.

Chromosomes

threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes

Ribosomes

makes proteins

cell membrane

controls which substances can enter or leave the cell.

light microscope

(bend) visible light to magnify images of specimens.

electron microscope

microscope that forms an image by focusing beams of electrons onto a non-living specimen

unified cell theory

all organisms are composed of one or more cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, and new cells arise from existing cells

Prokaryote

A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus

Eukaryote

A cell that contains a nucleus (nearly all have a mitochondria)

Rough ER

ribosomes on its surface, involved in protein synthesis and processing.

Smooth ER

without ribosomes, involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification.

ion

An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.

ionic

relating to ions, often referring to compounds formed from the electrostatic attraction between positively and negatively charged ions.

covalent

relating to a type of chemical bond where atoms share pairs of electrons.