IB History: Paper 1 - The Move To Global War (Japanese, Italian and German Expansion)

Key terms for The Move To Global War topic for the IB History course.

Meiji Restoration

Meiji Restoration

Meiji Restoration: Period in Japan from 1868-1912 marked by modernization, industrialization, and westernization, leading to the restoration of imperial rule.

First Sino Japanese War

First Sino-Japanese War Conflict between China and Japan from 1894-1895 over influence in Korea; Japan’s victory marked its emergence as a regional power in East Asia.

Washington Naval Treaty

Washington Naval Treaty: 1922 agreement among major powers limiting naval armament and promoting peace by setting tonnage limits on battleships and aircraft carriers.

The Mukden Incident

The Mukden Incident was a staged event in 1931 where Japanese soldiers blew up a section of railway in Manchuria, providing a pretext for invading and occupying the region.

Sino-Japanese War (1937-1941)

Conflict between China and Japan triggered by the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, leading to widespread devastation and atrocities in China.

The Three Power Pact

The Three Power Pact

• Agreement between Germany, Italy, and Japan in 1940

• Aimed at countering the Allied powers in World War II

Battle for Grain (1925)

Battle for Grain (1925): Mussolini's policy to increase grain production in Italy for self-sufficiency, aiming to reduce reliance on foreign imports and bolster the nation's economy.

The Battle for the Lira (1926)

An economic policy which sought to increase the value of Italian currency and fight inflation.

Stresa Front (1935)

An agreement signed by Britain, France and Italy, which aimed to prevent countries from breaking the Versailles treaty and called for joint action of the signatories if this happened.

A Gross Deutschland

The idea of unifying with Austrian-Germans and German minorities such as those in Czechoslovakia and Poland.

Lebensraum

Supported the creation of a Greater Germany inhabited purely by superior Aryans which needed to expand Eastwards as far as the Ural mountains.

Non-Aggression Pact (1934)

• Signed with Poland and effective for 10 years.

• The pact was used as an ‘act of statesmanship’ to international community, in an attempt to convince Germany was still a diplomatic nation

Appeasement

• British foreign policy concerned with making concessions to Hitler in hopes to maintain peace in Europe.