Electrotherapy and Radiant Energy Lecture Review

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering the principles of electrotherapy, specifically focused on radiation wavelengths, electrical currents, and physiological responses as detailed in the Chapter 8 lecture transcript.

Short ultraviolet radiation wavelength

$$180-290\,m\mu$$

Long ultraviolet radiation wavelength

$$290-400\,m\mu$$

Reticuloendothelial stimulation wavelength

$$2900-4000\,\mathring{A}$$

Long infrared radiation absorption

The major portion is absorbed in the stratum corneum of the skin.

Short-wave infrared (luminous) penetration

Penetrates as deeply as $10\,mm$ into skin tissue.

Erythema ab igne

A mottled appearance on the skin occurring after repeated heat radiation exposures.

Normal polar formula (galvanic current)

$$CCC-ACC-AOC-COC$$

Positive ions (iontophoresis)

Ions like copper, zinc, and histamine that can be introduced into tissue with the positive pole of a direct current.

Iontophoresis current guide

Approximately $0.5-1\,mA$ of galvanic current per square inch of electrode surface.

Van't Hoff's temperature law

For every rise of $10^{\circ}C$, the rate of oxidation is increased $2.5$ times.

Long-wave infrared wavelength range

Approximately $1500-12,000\,m\mu$

Galvanic-tetanus ratio (normal muscle)

$$10-12 \text{ to } 1$$

Ohm

The unit representing the opposition offered by an electrical conductor to the flow of a current.

Tetanus-frequency (denervated muscle)

$$5-10/\text{second}$$

Magnetron oscillator

A primary component of a microthermy generator.

Dielectric substance

An insulating substance that allows electrostatic induction across it.

Short-wave diathermy (22 meters)

$$13.56\,MHz/\text{second}$$

Short-wave diathermy (11 meters)

$$27.12\,MHz/\text{second}$$

Watt

The unit used to represent power.

Nerve conduction velocity (ultrasound)

Can be increased using a wattage of $1.5\,W/cm^2$.

Chronaxie

A point on the strength-duration (S-D) curve measured in milliseconds that serves as an index to muscle excitability.

Rheobase

The minimal amount of current necessary to elicit a threshold contraction of a muscle.

DuBois-Reymond's law

The law dealing with the make-break of a stimulus.

Joule's law

States that the heat produced is proportional to the square of current strength.

Fibrillation potentials

Voltages indicates by electromyography signifying denervated muscle.

Faraday

The individual who discovered electromagnetic induction.