unit 2

what are the main structures of fungi

haploid

cells walls made of chitin

hyphae, thread like

mycelium, underground root systems made up of hyphae

how do fungi reproduce asexually

budding: identical organism grows from parent

fruiting bodies: structure that makes asexual spores

how do fungi reproduce sexually

hyphal exchange: hyphae fuse together and trade genetic material

how do fungi reproduce asexually

budding: identical organism grows from the parent

fruiting bodies: structure that makes asexual spores

how do bacteria get energy

photosynthetic: autotropths use energy from the sun to make food

chemosynthetic: autotrophs use energy in chemicals to make food

respiration: heterotrophs consume food and use ocygen to make energy

how do bacteria reproduce asexually

binary fission: one parent divides to form two identical offspring

how do bacteria reproduce sexually

conjugation: exchange genetic material through a tube that connects them

how do bacteria move

stationary

flagella: long whip like tail

cilia: hair-like projections

main structures of virus

protein coat: protects the virus

capsid: contains the genetic material

surface proteins: allows virus to attach to host cell (lock and key)

envelope: outer membrane (envelope virus)

how do viruses get energy

from the host cell

how do viruses reproduce: active

virus attaches to the cell. The viral genetic material takes over and begins to replicate immediately

how do viruses reproduce: hidden

genetic material is combined with the cell’s and lies dormant until it is ready to become active

what are the main structures of non vascular plants

rhizoids: root like structures

cellulose: cell walls

what are the main characteristics on non vascular plants

low growing plants that get materials from surroundings

sexual spore formation

asexual vegetative propagation

autotroph: make their own food (photosynthesis)

sporophyte stage

plant produces spores that grow into new organisms

turns into gametophyte

gametophyte stage

plant produces sperm and egg cells

join together to make zygote

main characteristics of vascular plabts

asexual reproduction: spores and vegetative propagation

sexual reproduction: pollen and ovules

autotroph: make own food through photosynthesis

what is the main structure of vascular plants

xylem and phloem: used to transport materials

retains water

what are the plant tropisms

phototropism: plant grows towards light

gravitropism: plant roots grow away from gravity

thigmotropism: plants wraps around object when near vines

how do plant like protists reproduce

binary fission

how do animal like protists reproduce

sexually: conjugation

asexually: binary fission

how do fungi like protists reproduce

sexually: egg and sperm

asexually: spore formation