Reaction 4. Nucleophilic addition of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones to form acetals (ketals)

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4 Terms

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Purpose:

Takes aldehyde to acetal

Takes ketone to ketal

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Reagents and conditions

  • R-OH

  • H+

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Mechanistic details

  1. reversible nucleophilic addition reaction

  2. acid-catalyzed

  3. the acid catalyses the addition of the nucleophile (by protonation of the carbonyl oxygen), and the elimination of water from the tetrahedral intermediate (hemiacetal)

  4. the products are favored by removal of water from the equilibrium, the reactants are favored by addition of water

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