science

Light

Light is a kind of energy that can travel through space in a form of wave.

what are the colors in white light

red orange yellow green blue indigo violet

Dispersion

Is a kind of refraction which provided us colors of light. it is observed when white light passes through a prism

Prism

A prism is a transparent optical element with flat and polished surfaces that disperses light usually a prism has a triangular base and rectangular sides

Prisms can be made from

Transparent materials like glass, plastic, fluorite

Rainbow

A rainbow is caused by both the reflection and refraction of light in water droplets on the Earth's atmosphere

frequency of light wave

Refers to the number of waves that move past a certain point in one second

Frequency

Generally measured in Hertz, the units of cycles per second

Wave frequency

is related to wave energy. The more energy in the wave, the higher it's frequency. The lower the frequency the less energy in the wave

When it comes to light waves ______ has the highest energy

Violet

When it comes to light waves, ______had the lowest energy

Red

How can u measure wavelength?

Peak to peak, trough to trough, it between two consecutive corresponding points of waves

The shortest wavelength is

Violet

The longest wavelength is

Red

Refraction

Is the bending of light when it travels from one medium to another.

Optical density

Is the measurement of a component’s ability to slow the transmission of light this change in speed is manifested by the bending of the light ray

A known indicator of the optical density of a material is

The index of refraction

index of refraction of a material

Is a quantity that compares the speed of light in a material to it's speed in a vacuum

Light travels from air to the prism

The angle of incidence (0¹)

Is greater than the angle of refraction (0²)

the incoming ray is called the

Incident ray from medium 1

The outgoing ray is the

Refracted ray in medium 2

Associated angles

angle of incidence and the angle of refraction

In terms of frequency and energy of colors, blue, indigo, and violet are the ones with the

Highest frequency and energy

what color is the one with the lowest frequency and energy. It is the color that is bent the least

Red, and violet is the most bent

Reflection

Is usually described as the turning back of a wave as it hits a barrier.

Echo

Is an example of a reflected sound.

Reverberation

Refers to the multiple reflections or echoes in a certain place

Echo sounding

Is another application of sound reflection

The speed of sound in dry air at 0°c

around 331 m/s

Temperature

Is a measure of hotness or coldness of an object

All matter has molecules or atoms which are constantly moving; thus they have

Kinetic energy

phase change

When the temperature of substance changes, it's molecular structure and movement also change

Fusion or melting

Is the process that causes a solid change to it's liquid state.

Heat of fusion

The amount of heat required to produce this change

Solidification or freezing

When water boils, evaporation takes place

Condensation

When water vapor releases heat, it's gas state changes to the liquid state through

Sublimation

is the process of transforming a substance from the solid phase directly to the gas state without passing the liquid phase and requires additional energy

deposition

is the process Of the transforming a substance from gas to solid without passing the liquid phase and requires a release of energy.

Heat

is an-energy form that transfers From a body of higher temperature to another body of lower temperature.

Internal Energy

is the total energy in a body

the three common temperature scales are

celsius, fahrenheit and kelvin

Who introduced the Celsius scale

Anders Celsius in 1741

Who introduced the fahrenheit scale

Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit in 1724

Who introduced the third temperature scale aka kelvin scale

William thompson in 1848

What is the freezing point of water and boiling point in Celsius

the freezing point of water is 0°C while it's boiling point is 100°C having 100 intervals between two reference points

What is the freezing point and boiling point of fahrenheit scale

The freezing point is 32°F and the boiling point is 212°F having 180 intervals between two reference points

What is the freezing point and boiling point of water in kelvin scale

The freezing point of water is 273K, while it's boiling point is 373K

Circuit

a system that of electrical conductors and components forming a complete and closed path

Conductor

conducts electricity since, it offers little or no resistance to the flow of electrical current like metals, alloys, water, it allows the flow of current

Electrical conductor

substances or materials that allows electricity to flow through it.

Ohm's Law

one of the basic and important laws of electric circuits is Ohm's Law Ohm's Law states that the voltage across a conductor is directly proportional to the current Flowing through it

Electric current (1)

is the rate of Flow of electric charges from one point to another in a circuit.

Electric current is measured in

Amperes (A)

Voltage

Is what makes a current move mathematically voltage is given by, V = w/q

Electrical Resistance (R)

is the opposition to the flow of current by the conducting wire.

Conductivity

is the property of matter that allows current to flow.

Electrical resistance is measured

in ohm’s (o), named after Georg Simon Ohm

Resistor

An electronic device that is designed to resist the flow of current

The relationship among voltage, current and resistance is summarized by

Ohm's law