Ch.2: Anatomical References Comprehensive Review (Lessons 1-3)

Body planes, directions, cavities, quadrants and regions

Cranial Cavity

A

Thoracic Cavity

B

Ventral Cavity

C

Diaphragm

D

Abdominopelvic Cavity

E

Abdominal Cavity

F

Pelvic Cavity

G

Vertebral (spinal) cavity

H

Dorsal cavity

I

Pleural Cavity

B

Pericardial Cavity

C

Diaphragm

D

Brain

Name an organ in cranial cavity

Urinary Bladder

Name an organ in the pelvic cavity

Stomach

Name an organ in the abdominal cavity

The diaphragm separates which cavities?

The thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

Name an organ in the pleural cavities

Lung

Heart

Name the organ in the pericardial cavity

Mediastinum and pleural

Name the two cavities within the thoracic cavity

Abdominal and Pelvic

Name the two cavities in the abdominopelvic cavity

More

The ventral cavity contains _____ (more or fewer) organs than the dorsal cavity.

Fewer

The dorsal cavity contains ____ (more or fewer) organs than the ventral cavity.

breathing

The diaphragm is known as the __________ muscle.

Cranial & Spinal

The dorsal cavity contains the ___ & ___ cavities.

Mediastinum

I

Superior or cephalic

toward the head, away from the feet

Inferior

away from the head, toward the feet

Anterior

toward the front surface of the body, ie. ventral

Proximal

on limbs, toward the shoulders or hips

Distal

on limbs, away from shoulders or hips

Deep

away from the surface of the body, more internal

Superficial

toward the surface of the body, ie toward the skin

Lateral

away from the midline of the body

Medial

toward the midline of the body

Posterior

toward the back surface of the body, ie. dorsal

Prone

lying on the stomach, face down

Supine

lying on the back, face up

anatomical position

To stand erect with arms at the sides and palms of the hands turned forward

Anter/o

front or forward aspect of the body or an anatomical structure.

Ventr/o

belly, belly side or abdominal area of the body.

Poster/o

back or rear aspect of the body or an anatomical structure.

Dors/o

back or posterior aspect of the body or an anatomical structure.

Medi/o

middle or medial aspect of the body or an anatomical structure.

Later/o

side or lateral aspect of the body or an anatomical structure.

Super/o

upper or above aspect of the body or an anatomical structure.

Infer/o

lower or below an anatomical structure.

Proxim/o

nearer to the trunk of the body or point of attachment.**

Dist/o

farther from the trunk of the body or **point of attachment. **

Caud/o

**Tail end**or lower part of the body.

Cephal/o

Head or head-end of the body.

Coron/o

crown or circle of the head

Para-

beside, near, alongside

Mid-

middle

Trans-

across

-ior

suffix that means **pertaining to**

-al

suffix that means **pertaining to**

Transverse (Horizontal) Plane

A horizontal plane that divides a body structure into top (superior) and bottom (inferior) portions.

Sagittal Plane

A vertical plane that divides the body into right and left sections. 

Coronal (Frontal) Plane

A vertical plane that divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) portions.

superficial

Structures closer to the surface of the body.

Deep

Structures that are more internal or further from the surface of the body.

cav/o, cavit/o

cavity or hollow space in the body

crani/o

skull

Vertebr/o

vertebrae or backbone

spin/o

spine or spinal column

encephal/o

brain

myel/o

bone marrow or spinal cord

ventr/o

belly side

thorac/o

chest, thorax

abdomin/o

abdomen

peritone/o

peritoneum

pelv/i, pelv/o

pelvis, hip, pelvic bone

pleur/o

pleura

diaphragm/o, phren/o

diaphragm

pericard/o, pericardi/o

pericardium (also known as the pericardial sac)

retro-

prefix meaning behind

peri-

prefix meaning surrounding, around

intra-

prefix meaning within or inside

sub-

prefix meaning under, below

-al, -ic

suffixes that mean pertaining to

The two planes that create the 4 abdominopelvic quadrants intersect at what structure?

The umbilicus, navel or belly button

Right Upper quadrant

liver, gallbladder (A)

Right Lower quadrant

Cecum, small intestines, and appendix (C)

Left Upper quadrant

diaphragm, stomach, and spleen (B)

Left Lower quadrant

Descending colon, small intestines (D)

Right hypochondriac region

liver, gallbladder (A)

Epigastric region

stomach (B)

Left hypochondriac region

Diaphragm, spleen (C)

Right Lumbar region

ascending colon of the large intestines (D)

Umbilical region

small intestines (E)

Left Lumbar region

descending colon of the large intestines (F)

Right Iliac Region

Cecum, Appendix (G)

Hypogastric region

urinary bladder (H)

Left Iliac region

sigmoid colon (I)

Proximal

Closer to the point of attachment

Distal

away from the point of attachment

frontal plane

Divides the body into front and back portions.

midsagittal plane

divides the body into equal right and left sides

transverse plane

horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions

Anterior

front of the body